Journal of Microbiology

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
권호 표지

Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils in Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Et Perry and Leptospermum petersonii Bailey and their Constituents against Various Dermatophytes

  • Park, Mi-Jin (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Gwak, Ki-Seob (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yang, In (Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Won-Sil (Hansol Homedeco Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Jo, Hyun-Jin (Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Chang, Je-Won (Enbita Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Jeung, Eui-Bae (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Choi, In-Gyu (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciemces, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2007.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to investigate the potential of using plant oils derived from Leptospermum petersonii Bailey and Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. Et Perry as natural antifungal agents. The antifungal effects of essential oils at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/ml on the dermatophytes Microsporum canis (KCTC 6591), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (KCTC 6077), Trichophyton rubrum (KCCM 60443), Epidermophyton floccosum (KCCM 11667), and Microsporum gypseum were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. The major constituents of the active fraction against the dermatophytes were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The antifungal activities of S. aromaticum oil (clove oil) against the dermatophytes tested were highest at a concentration of 0.2mg/ml, with an effectiveness of more than 60%. Hyphal growth was completely inhibited in T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. gypseum by treatment with clove oil at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Eugenol was the most effective antifungal constituent of clove oil against the dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. Morphological changes in the hyphae of T. mentagrophytes, such as damage to the cell wall and cell membrane and the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, after treatment with 0.11 mg/ml eugenol were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, L. petersonii oil (LPO) was more than 90% effective against all of the dermatophytes tested, with the exception of T. rubrum. Geranial was determined to be the most active antifungal constituent of L. petersonii oil. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that clove and tea tree oils exhibited significant antifungal activities against the dermatophytes tested in this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Arora, D.S. and J. Kaur. 1999. Antimicrobial activity of spices. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 12, 257-262 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00074-6
  2. Bassett, I.B., D.L. Pannowitz, and R.S. Barnetson. 1990. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med. J. Aust. 153, 455-458
  3. Benger, S., P. Townsend, R.L. Ashford, and P. Lambert. 2004. An in vitro study to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of Melaleuca alternifolia against dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum. The Foot 14, 86-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2003.11.002
  4. Cai, L. and C.D. Wu. 1996. Compounds from Syzygium aromaticum processing growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogens. J. Nat. Prod. 59, 987-990 https://doi.org/10.1021/np960451q
  5. Dean, S.G. and G. Ritchie. 1987. Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 5, 165-180 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(87)90034-1
  6. Feng, J. and J.M. Lipton. 1987. Eugenol: Antipyretic activity in rabbits. Neurophamacology 26, 1775-1778 https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(87)90131-6
  7. Gayoso, C.W., E.O. Lima, V.T. Oliverira, F.O. Pereira, E.L. Souza, I.O. Lima, and D.F. Navarro. 2005. Sensitivity of fungi isolated from onychomycosis to Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil and eugenol. Fitoterapia 76, 247-249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.005
  8. Griffin, S.G., J.L. Markham, and D.N. Leach. 2000. An agar dilution method for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12, 249-255
  9. Karnovsky, M.J. 1965. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 27, 137A-138A
  10. Kim, H.M., E.H. Lee, S.H. Hong, H.J. Song, M.K. Shin, S.H. Kim, and T.Y. Shin. 1998. Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rat. J. Ethnopharmacol. 60, 125-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00143-8
  11. Lee, K.G. and T. Shibamoto. 2001. Antioxidant property of aroma extract isolated from clove buds [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry]. Food Chem. 74, 443-448 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00161-3
  12. Mytle, N., G.L. Anderson, M.P. Doyle, and M.A. Smith. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil in inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes on chicken frankfurters. Food Control 17, 102-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.09.008
  13. Newman, A.A. 1972. Chemistry of terpenes and terpenoids. pp. 21-22. Academic Press, London, UK
  14. Pattnaik, S., V.R. Subramanyam, M. Bapaji, and C.R. Kole. 1997. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of aromatic constituents of essential oils. Microbios. 89, 39-46
  15. Rakotonirainy, M.S. and B. Lavedrine. 2005. Screening for antifungal activity of essential oils and related compounds to control the biocontamination in libraries and archives storage areas. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 5, 141-147
  16. Reynolds, E.S. 1963. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron- opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208-212 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.17.1.208
  17. Robenorst, J. 1996. Production of methoxyphenol-type natural aroma chemicals by biotransformation of eugenol with a new Pseudomonas sp. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46, 470-474 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050846
  18. Shigeru, A., N. Maruyama, K. Hayama, H. Ishibashi, S. Inoue, H. Oshima, and H. Yamaguchi. 2003. Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence responses by essential oils. Mediat. Inflamm. 12, 323-328 https://doi.org/10.1080/09629350310001633342
  19. Smith-Palmer, A., J. Stewart, and L. Fyfe. 1998. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 118-122 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00303.x
  20. Zheng, G-Q., P.M. Kenney, and L.K. Lam. 1992. Sesquiterpenes from clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as potential anticarcinogenic agents. J. Nat. Prod. 55, 999-1003 https://doi.org/10.1021/np50085a029