Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Anti-atherogenic Effect of Green Tea Product through Hypolipidemic and Anti-oxidative Action in Ovariectomized Rats

난소절제 흰쥐에서 녹차가공품의 지질강하와 항산화 작용을 통한 항동맥경화 효과

  • Cho, Mi-Kyung (School of Food and Life Sciences, Food Science Institute, and Biohealth Product Research Center) ;
  • Noh, Kyung-Hee (School of Food and Life Sciences, Food Science Institute, and Biohealth Product Research Center) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Ju (School of Food and Life Sciences, Food Science Institute, and Biohealth Product Research Center) ;
  • Song, Young-Sun (School of Food and Life Sciences, Food Science Institute, and Biohealth Product Research Center)
  • 조미경 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 식품생명과학부, 식품과학연구소 및 바이오헬스 소재 연구센터) ;
  • 노경희 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 식품생명과학부, 식품과학연구소 및 바이오헬스 소재 연구센터) ;
  • 김진주 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 식품생명과학부, 식품과학연구소 및 바이오헬스 소재 연구센터) ;
  • 송영선 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 식품생명과학부, 식품과학연구소 및 바이오헬스 소재 연구센터)
  • Published : 2007.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of green tea product (GTP) on the risk factors of atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Sprague-Dewley female rats (10 weeks) weighing approximately $279{\pm}2g$ were divided into 4 groups: sham operated control group treated with high cholesterol diet (Sham-C), OVX control group treated with high cholesterol diet (OVX-C), OVX-G 5% group treated with high cholesterol containing 5% GTP and OVX-G 20% group treated with high cholesterol diet containing 20% GTP. Serum TG concentrations was lower in OVX-G 20% group than in the OVX-C group, whereas ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 20% GTP supplementation group than in the Sham-C and OVX-C groups. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the OVX-G 20% group. Hepatic TG levels were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in OVX-G 20% group than in the other groups. Glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities including glutathione-reductase and Mn-superoxide dismutase in liver were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the OVX-G 20% group in the OVX-C group. Fecal total cholesterol concentrations were increased in the GTP supplementation groups than in the OVX-C group. From the above results, it is concluded that GTP may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis via hypolipidemic action. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the hyperlipemia in menopausal women.

난소절제 흰쥐에서 녹차가공품(GTP)의 항동맥경화 효과를 분석하여 폐경기 증후 개선을 위한 기능성식품으로의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 GTP는 경남하동 소재 화개제다(花開製茶)로부터 제공받았다. 실험 동물은 10주령의 Sprague-Dewley 암컷 흰쥐로 평균 체중 $279{\pm}2g$인 실험 동물을 완전임의배치로 한 군당 10마리씩 4군으로 나누어 양쪽 난소를 절제한 후(OVX) 실험 식이를 제공하였다. Sham 대조군은 실험군과 동일한 스트레스를 주기 위해 난소를 절제하지 않고 개복수술만 실시한 후 실험하였다. 난소 절제 후 2주간 배합사료를 급여한 후 Sham-대조군(Sham-C)과 OVX-대조군(OVX-C)은 AIN' 76에 기초해서 제조한 콜레스테롤 첨가 식이를, OVX 실험군은 콜레스테롤 첨가 식이에 GTP 5%(OVX-G 5%)와 20%(OVX-G 20%)로 함유한 실험 식이를 조제하여 6주간 급여하였다. 식이 조제시 Ca함량은 총 식이의 0.4%수준으로 GTP첨가량 5%(Ca 함량 50%와 $CaCO_3$ 50%)와 GTP 첨가량을 20%(Ca함량 0.4%)로 조정하였으며 Sham-E와 OVX-C는 20% GTP 수준의 Ca 함량과 동일한 양으로 $CaCO_3$로 조정하여 첨가하였다. 혈청의 TG농도는 OVX-C군에 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 섭취한 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮은 수준을 보였다. 총 콜레스테롤 농도에 대한 HDL-C 농도비(%)는 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았으며 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 수준은 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였다 간의 TG와 TBARS 수준은 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 GTP의 첨가가 간에서의 GSH함량 및 항산화 효소계의 활성을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. GTP를 첨가한 식이를 섭취한 실험군의 1일 변중의 총 지방 및 TG 배설량은 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나 OVX-C군에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며 총 콜레스테롤 배설량은 OVX-C군에 비해 높은 수준이었다. 난소 절제 흰쥐에서 5% GTP를 제공받은 군에 비해 20% GTP를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 혈액과 간에서의 지질농도 감소와 항산화 효소의 활성이 높은 수준을 보여 GTP의 첨가량이 높을수록 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 난소절제 흰쥐에서 GTP 첨가가 변의 총지질과 TG및 콜레스테롤 배설을 증가시켜 혈청과 간의 총 지질 농도와 TG및 총콜레스테롤 농도를 감소시키는 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 보이며 GTP의 섭취가 체내 총 지질 농도를 감소시켜 항 동맥경화 작용을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 녹차가공품의 폐경기 고지혈증 개선을 위한 기능성식품으로의 가능성을 보여 준다고 할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn HS, Kwon JR, Lee SS. 1997. Effect of dietary lipids and guar gum on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Korean J Nutr 30: 2028-2034
  2. Kim SK, Sunwoo JG, Lee EJ. 2006. Relation of mineral nutrition status and climacteric symptoms in pre- and postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 39: 121-132
  3. Notman MT, Nadelson C. 2002. The hormone replacement therapy controversy. Arch Womens Ment Health 5: 33-35 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007370200020
  4. Bush TL, Barret-Connor E. 1985 Noncontraceptive estrogen use and cardiovascular disease. Epidemiol Rev 7: 89- 104
  5. Grodstein E, Stamfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willet WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, Rosner B, Fuchs C, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. 1997. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. New Engl J Med 336: 569-573
  6. Ross RK, Pagamm-Hill A, Mark TM, Henderson BE. 1989. Cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 1301-1306 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(89)80017-1
  7. Campos H, Wilson PWE, Jimenez D, Mcnamara JR, Ordovas J, Schaefer EJ. 1997. Differences in apolipoproteins and low density lipoprotein subfractions in postmenopausal women on and off estrogen therapy: result from the Framingham offspring study. Metabolism 39: 1033-1038 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(90)90162-6
  8. Roberts CK, Chen AK, Barnard RJ. 2006. Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention in youth on atherosclerotic risk factors. Atherosclerosis 9668: 1-9
  9. Ito T, Ikeda U. 2003. Infammatory cytokines and cardiovascular disease. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2: 257-265 https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010033484106
  10. Bratus VV, Talaieva TV, Radalovska NV. 1999. The role of a systemic inflammatory process in the atherogenic modification of lipoproteins and the development of hypercholesterolemia. Fiziol Zh 45: 40-49
  11. Kanters E, Pasparakis M, Gijbels M. 2003. Inhibition of NF-$\kappa$B activation in macrophages increase atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 112: 1176-1185 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI200318580
  12. Kunsch C, Luchoomun J, Grey JY. 2004. Selective inhibition of endothelial and monocyte redox-sensitive genes by AGI-1067: a novel, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308: 820-829 https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.059733
  13. Hayashi E, Hayashi M, Yamazoe H. 1990. Pharmalogical action of tea extracts on the central nervous system in mice. Oyo Yakuri 40: 351-356
  14. Kada T, Kaneko K, Matzuzaki S, Mntzaki T, Hara Y. 1985. Detection and chemical identification of natural bio- antimutagen. Muta Res 150: 127-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(85)90109-5
  15. Matzuzaki T, Hata Y. 1985. Antioxidative activity of tea leaf catechins. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaish 59: 129-134 https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.59.129
  16. Kim MJ, Choi JH, Yang JA, Kim SY, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim JK, Rhee SJ. 2002. Effects of green tea catechin on enzyme activities and gene expression of antioxidative system in rat liver exposed to microwaves. Nutr Res 22: 733-744 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00365-2
  17. Rhee SJ, Kwag OG, Kim SO. 1998. Effect of catechin on the microsomal mixed function oxidase system and lipid peroxidation of lung in diabetic rats. Kor J Gerontol 8: 49-55
  18. Sartippour MR, Heber D, Ma J, Lu Q, Go VL, Nguyen M. 2001. Green tea and its catechins inhibit breast cancer xenografts. Nutr Cancer 40: 149-156 https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC402_11
  19. Sin MK, Han SH, Han GJ. 1997. The effect of green tea on the serum lipid and liver tissue of cholesterol fed rats. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 1255-1263
  20. Liao F, Andalibi A, deBeer FC, Fogelman AM, Lusis AJ. 1993. Genetic control of immflammatory gene induction and NF-$\kappa$B-like transcription factor activation in response to an atherogenic diet in mice. J Clin Invest 91: 2572-2579 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116495
  21. Friedwald W, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifugation. Clin Chem 18: 499-502
  22. Buege JA, Aust SD. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. In Methods in Enzymology. Fleischer S, Packer L, eds. Academic press, New York, USA. Vol 52, p 302-306
  23. Folch I, Lees M, Sranley GHS. 1956. A simple method for the isolation snd purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J Biochem 223: 497-509
  24. Tietze F. 1969. Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissue. Anal Biochem 27: 502-522 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(69)90064-5
  25. Aebi H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 150: 121-126 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
  26. Marklund S, Marklund G. 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in antioxidant of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47: 469-474 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
  27. Lawrence RA, Burk F. 1976. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 71: 952-958 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(76)90747-6
  28. Inger C, Bengt M. 1985. Glutathione reductase. In Methods in Enzymology. Fleischer S, Packer L, eds. Academic press, New York, USA. Vol 113, p 484-490
  29. Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann Biochem 72: 248-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  30. 한국식품영양과학회. 2000. 식품영양실험핸드북 식품편. 도서출판 효일, 서울, 대한민국. p 124-126
  31. Lee JW, Kim HJ, Jhee OH, Won HD, Yu YJ, Lee MH, Kim TW, OM AS, Kang JS. 2005. Effects of alternative medicine extract on bone mineral density, bone strength and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Korean J Food & Nutr 18: 72-80
  32. Frolik CA, Bryant HU, Black EC, Magee DE, Chandrasekhar S. 1996. Time-dependent changes in biochemical bone markers and serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rats: effects of raloxifene HCl, tamoxifen, estrogen and alendronate. Bone 18: 621-627 https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(96)00085-3
  33. Kalu DN, Arjmandi BH, Liu CC, Salih MA, Bimbaum RS. 1994. Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen on the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Bone Miner 25: 135-148 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80255-3
  34. Lee YB, Lee HJ, Kim KS, Lee JY, Nam SY, Cheon SH, Shon HS. 2004. Evaluation of the preventive effect of isoflavone extract on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68: 1040-1045 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.1040
  35. Okasaki R, Inoue D, Shibata M, Saika M, Kido S, Ooka H, Tomiyama H, Sakamoto Y, Matsumoto T. 2002. Estrogen promotes early osteoblast differentiation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cell lines that express estrogen receptor (ER) $\alpha$ or $\beta$. Endocrinology 143: 2349-2356 https://doi.org/10.1210/en.143.6.2349
  36. O JH, Lee YS. 1993. Effects of dietary calcium levels on the reduction of calcium availability in ovariectomized osteoporosis model rats. Korean J Nutrition 26: 277-285
  37. Barlozzari T, Leonhardt J, Wiltrout R. 1985. Direct evidence for the role of LGL in the inhibition of experimental tumor metastases. J Immunol 134: 2783-2789
  38. Suganuma M, Okabe S, Marino MW. 1999. Essential role of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ in tumor promotion as revealed by TNF-$\alpha$-dificient mice Cancer Res 59: 4516-4518
  39. Liu SX, Hou FF, Guo ZJ, Nagai R, Zhang WR, Liu ZQ, Zhou ZM, Zhou M, Xie D, Wang GB, Zhang X. 2006. Advanced oxidation protein products accelerate atherosclerosis through promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 1156-1162 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000214960.85469.68
  40. Roberts CK, Chen AK, Barnard RJ. 2007. Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention in youth on atherosclerotic risk factors. Atherosclerosis 191: 98-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.011
  41. Lee YM, Jung MH, Lee YS, Song J. 2005. Effect of genistein and soy protein on lipids metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Korean J Nutrition 38: 267-278
  42. Cho SY, Oh YJ, Park JY, Lee MK, Kim MJ. 2003. Effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in rats fed high cholesterol diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 458-463 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.458
  43. Kang YH, Park YK, Ha TY, Moon KD. 1996. Effects of pine needle extracts on enzyme activities of serum and liver and liver morphology in rats fed high diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 25: 374-378
  44. Frintche K, Johnston PV. 1988. Rapid autooxidation of fish oil in diets without added antioxidants. J Nutr 118: 425-426 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/118.4.425
  45. Geeta S, Ravindra N, Kiran DG. 1991. Effect of ethanol on Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacology 42: 9-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(91)90386-J
  46. Connye K, Barbara CP. 1991. Changes in colonic antioxidant status in rats during long-term feeding of different high fat diet. J Nutr 121: 1562-1569 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.10.1562

Cited by

  1. Inhibition of gene associated with Dyslipidemia and Antioxidative Effect of , and (ACR) on HepG2 cell model vol.38, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.17024
  2. 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 난소절제 흰쥐에서 녹차가공품이 골 대사 지표에 미치는 효과 vol.37, pp.12, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.12.1560