부품소재 중핵기업의 기술혁신 결정요인 분석 -기업규모와 시장구조를 중심으로-

An Analysis on the Determinants of Innovation -Medium Core Firms in Material and Component Industry-

본 연구는 부품소재 중핵기업의 기술혁신 결정요인을 분석하기 위해 기업규모, 시장집중도 그리고 기업의 특성을 나타내는 일반변수들과 혁신유무의 관계를 측정하였다. 본 연구는 이를 위하여 과학기술정책연구원이 조사한 '기술혁신조사' (KIS2005)의 원자료와 Probit 모형을 활용하였다. 실증분석 결과에 의하면 기업규모는 혁신의 유무와 정(+)의 관계에 있으나 시장집중도는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기업특성을 나타내는 일반변수 중에는 순이익과 연구개발비가 혁신유무와 정(+)의 관계를 갖는 반면, 수출액과 자기자본비율은 부(-)의 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 부품소재 중핵기업의 기술혁신 활동을 촉진하기 위해서는 기업규모의 증대와 경쟁적인 시장구조의 조성이 이루어져야 할 것이며 또한 연구개발 활동에 대한 재정적 지원과 함께 자본 및 금융시장에서의 원활한 자본조달이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 다만, 본 연구의 실증분석에서 나타난 수출액과 혁신유무의 관계에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of innovation in the medium core firms that belong to components and materials industry. For this purpose, we introduce the Schumpeterian hypothesis as a theoretical background at first. According to the Schumpeterian hypothesis, large firms in concentrated markets are likely to have more innovative activities. That means, firm site and market structure are the main determinant of innovation. Then, we propose other economic factors that have been considered to have effects on firms' innovative activities in previous studies. Those factors are export, profit, growth rate, R&D expenditure and capital intensity. In order to analyze the determinants of innovation, we estimate whether firm size, market structure, export, profit, growth rate, R&D expenditure and capital intensity affect to the possibility of creating innovation in medium core firms. In order to do this, our study uses survey data from 'Korean Innovation Survey(2005)' conducted by STEPI as well as utilizes the probit model as an analytical method. According to the empirical results, firm size has a positive relationship with innovative activities of medium core firms but market concentration does not. We find the negative correlation between market concentration and innovative activities in this study. Thus, was have to say that we do not fully support the Schumpeterian hypothesis in this case. Among other variables, profit and R&D expenditure are estimated to have positive relationship with innovative activities, while export and capital intensity are estimated to have negative relationship with innovative activities. In case of growth rate, we do not find any significant relationship with innovative activities. In conclusion, larger firm size, higher market competition, more access to the financial market and additional R&D investment would facilitate innovative activities of medium core firms. However, we have to review the relationship between export and innovative activities that has been estimated in this study. While the estimated effect of export on innovative activities can be explained by the own characteristics of medium core firms that produce and supply capital goods to final manufacturer, we have address this issue in the future.