Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
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Environmental Health Surveillance of Low Birth Weight in Seoul using Air Monitoring and Birth Data

2002년 서울시 대기오염과 출생 자료를 이용한 저체중아 환경보건감시체계 연구

  • Seo, Ju-Hee (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Ok-Jin (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Mi (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Park, Hye-Sook (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Leem, Jong-Han (Department of Occupational Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Hong, Yun-Chul (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Ju (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Ha, Eun-Hee (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University)
  • 서주희 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김옥진 (서울대학교 보건대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 김병미 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 박혜숙 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 임종한 (인하대학교 의과대학 사회의학교실) ;
  • 홍윤철 (서울대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김영주 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실) ;
  • 하은희 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실)
  • Published : 2007.09.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The principal objective of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution and low birth weight and to propose a possible environmental health surveillance system for low birth weight. Methods: We acquired air monitoring data for Seoul from the Ministry of Environment, the meteorological data from the Korean Meteorological Administration, the exposure assessments from the National Institute of Environmental Research, and the birth data from the Korean National Statistical Office between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2003. The final birth data were limited to singletons within $37{\sim}44$ weeks of gestational age. We defined the Low Birth Weight (LBW) group as infants with birth weights of less than 2500g and calculated the annual LBW rate by district. The air monitoring data were measured for $CO,\;SO_2,\;NO_2,\;and\;PM_{10}$ concentrations at 27 monitoring stations in Seoul. We utilized two models to evaluate the effects of air pollution on low birth weight: the first was the relationship between the annual concentration of air pollution and low birth weight (LBW) by individual and district, and the second involved a GIS exposure model constructed by Arc View 3.1. Results: LBW risk (by Gu, or district) was significantly increased to $1.113(95%\;CI=1.111{\sim}1.116)\;for\;CO,\;1.004(95%\;CI=1.003{\sim}1.005)\;for\;NO_2,\;1.202(95%\;CI=1.199{\sim}1.206\;for\;SO_2,\;and\;1.077(95%\;CI=1.075{\sim}1.078)\;\;for\;PM_{10}$ with each interquartile range change. Personal LBW risk was significantly increased to $1.081(95%\;CI=1.002{\sim}1.166)\;for\;CO,\;1.145(95%\;CI=1.036{\sim}1.267)\;for\;SO_2,\;and\;1.053(95%\;CI=1.002{\sim}1.108)\;for\;PM_{10}$ with each interquartile range change. Personal LBW risk was increased to $1.003(95%\;CI=0.954{\sim}1.055)\;for\;NO_2$, but this was not statistically significant. The air pollution concentrations predicted by GIS positively correlated with the numbers of low birth weights, particularly in highly polluted regions. Conclusions: Environmental health surveillance is a systemic, ongoing collection effort including the analysis of data correlated with environmentally-associated diseases and exposures. In addition. environmental health surveillance allows for a timely dissemination of information to those who require that information in order to take effective action. GIS modeling is crucially important for this purpose, and thus we attempted to develop a GIS-based environmental surveillance system for low birth weight.

Keywords

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