Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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A Comparison of Dietary Behaviors According to Gender and Obesity Status of Middle School Students in Jeonju

전주지역 중학생의 성별 및 비만판정에 따른 식행동 비교 연구

  • Sung, Sun-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Yu, Ok-Kyeong (Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Son, Hee-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Cha, Youn-Soo (Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University)
  • 성선화 (전북대학교 식품영양학과, 비만연구센터) ;
  • 유옥경 (전북대학교 식품영양학과, 비만연구센터) ;
  • 손희숙 (전북대학교 식품영양학과, 비만연구센터) ;
  • 차연수 (전북대학교 식품영양학과, 비만연구센터)
  • Published : 2007.08.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, behaviors, and food consumption frequency according to gender and obesity level among middle school students in the Jeonju area. Subjects for the questionnaire were 450 middle school students (male 255, female 195) and were classified as either obese students (n=150 or non-obese students (n=299) by the obesity assessment method. The results were analyzed with SAS program (Version 9.1), and were as follows. 1. Dietary behaviors were significantly different in the rate of 'Skipping breakfast (p<0.05)', 'Duration of meal time (min) (p<0.05)' and 'Unbalanced diet (p<0.01)' between males and females. Dietary habits and behaviors also differed significantly for the rate of ‘Taste preferences (p<0.05)’, and 'Unbalanced diet (p<0.01)' between obese students and non-obese students. 2. Food consumption frequency per week was as follows. First, males were significantly higher than females in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)', 'Milk (p<0.01)', and 'Soda pop (p<0.01)'; on the other hand females were significantly higher than males in 'Chocolate, Candy (p<0.01)'. Second, non-obese students were significantly higher than obese students in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)', 'Hamburger, Pizza (p<0.05)', and 'Chocolate, Candy (p<001)'. Especially, non-obese male students were higher in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)' and 'Hamburger, Pizza (p<0.05)'; non-obese female students were higher in 'Chocolate, Candy (p<0.01)'. In conclusion, an action program is needed to encourage healthful dietary behaviors, increased physical activity, and forming good lifelong habits.

청소년기의 식습관은 현재의 영양섭취와 미래의 건강에 영향을 미치므로 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전주시내 중학생 450 명을 대상으로 학생들의 식행동을 조사하여 성별에 따른 차이 연구와 비만여부에 따른 차이를 연구하였다. 비만판정은 체질량 지수, 신장별 체중, 비만도의 3가지 비만판정 방법 중 2가지를 만족하는 학생을 비만으로 하였으며 설문지를 이용하여 식행동과 식품섭취 실태를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 분포는 남학생은 56.7%(255명), 여학생은 43.3%(195명) 이었으며 비만${\cdot}$비비 만별로는 비만은 33.6%(151명), 비비만은 66.4% (299 명 ) 이였다. 또 남학생이 여학생보다 유의적으로 비만율이 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 나이는 13세, 14세가 가장 많았으며 부모의 학력은 고졸이 가장 많았고, 아버지 직업은 공무원 및 회사원이, 어머니 직업은 전업주부가 가장 많았다. 학 생들이 자각하는 경제적 수준은 중류층으로 인식하는 경우 가 가장 많았고 자신의 체격에 대해서는 비비만학생의 경우는 66.6% 가 '적당하다'고 인식하고 있었으며 비만학생의 경우는 62.0% 가 '뚱뚱하다'고 인식하고 있었다. 하루 중 세끼 모두 식사하는 경우는 64.2%였으며, 아침 결식은 27.3%, 점심 결식은 1.1%, 저녁 결식은 7.4% 임을 알 수 있었다. 식사 시간의 규칙성은 성별로는 남학생 (58.8%) 이 여학생 (55.9%)에 비해 규칙적이었으며, 비만${\cdot}$비비만별로는 비비만학생 (62.2%)이 비만학생 (48.0%) 에 비해 규칙적인 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 식사에 걸리는 시간은 전체 59.4% 가 10${\sim}$20 분이었고, 남학생이 여학생에 비해 식사속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 식사량은 남학생이 여학생보다 많고 비만학생이 비비만학생보다 식사량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가장 좋아하는 맛은 매운맛, 단맛, 신맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛 순이었고 비만 학생이 비비만학생에 비해 짠맛과 매운맛을 좋아하는 것으로 나다났다(p<0.05). 싫어하는 음식은 남녀학생 모두 특정 채소(부추, 호박)를 싫어하는 경향이 많았고 여학생이 남학생에 비해 식사할 때 가라는 음식이 많은 것으로 나다났다(p<0.01). 한 달 동안의 외식횟수는 2${\sim}$4회(33.6%) 가 가장 많았고, 비비만학생이 비만학생보다 외식 횟수가 많았으며 가족과 외식할 때 주로 먹는 음식은 한식, 양식, 중국음식 순으로 나다났다. 친구와 외식할 때 주로 먹는 음식은 패스트푸드가 79.6%로 가장 많았다 간식의 횟수는 대부분(86.3%) 하루에 1회 이상이었고 비비만학생이 비만학생보다 간식 횟수가 더 많았으며 (p<0.01), 간식을 먹는 주된 이유 는 배가 고파서였고 간식을 먹는 시간은 방과 후 저녁시간이 가장 많았다. 간식으로 주로 먹는 음식은 과자류, 라면류, 과일, 우유 및 유제품 순으로 나다났다. 성별에 따른 일주일간 식품 섭취는 남학생의 경우에 라면(p<0.05), 우유 (p<0.01), 탄산음료(p<0.05)가, 여학생의 경우는 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕(p<0.05)의 섭취빈도가 높았으며 비만${\cdot}$비비만별 일주일간의 식품 섭취는 비비만학생이 비만학생에 비해 라면(p<0.05), 햄버거${\cdot}$피자(p<0.05), 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕 (p<0.01)의 섭취빈도가 높았다. 또 남자 비비만학생이 햄버거${\cdot}$피자, 라면의 섭취빈도가 높았으며(p<0.05), 여자 비비만학생은 초콜릿${\cdot}$사탕의 섭취 빈도가 높았다 (p<0.01). 이상과 같이 식사의 규칙성, 싫어하는 음식, 간식, 식품섭취 빈도 등에서 남녀별, 비만${\cdot}$비비만별 차이가존재하며 특히 몇 가지 식습관과식 행동은 지도가 필요하다고 사료된다. 첫째, 아침 결식은 청소년기의 신체적 성장${\cdot}$발달과 수학능력 등 학교생활에 영향을 미치므로 적극적인 지도와 보완책이 필요하며 둘째, 친구들과 외식할 때 패스트푸드가 높은 비중을 차지하는 청소년들의 외식유형에 대한 관심과, 편향된 영양소와 지나친 칼로리의 패스트푸드를 지양하는 영양교육이 필요하며 셋째, 비만학생들의 식사량 제한이나 특정식품 제한은 성장기의 영양결핍이나 성장지연을 가져올 수 있으므로 올바른 체중관리 프로그램의 교육 및 보급이 필요하다고 사료된다. 이를 위한 청소년기의 바른 식생활 습관 적절한 영양섭취를 위한 체계적인 영양교육이 요구되며 학교와 가정, 사회가 관심을 가져야할 것이다.

Keywords

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