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Anthropometric Measurements and Biochemical Nutritional Status of the Older Residents (50 years and over) in Andong Area (2)

안동주변 농촌지역 50세 이상 주민의 신체계측치 및 생화학적 영양상태에 관한 연구 (2)

  • Lee, Hye-Sang (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwun, In-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwon, Chong-Suk (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
  • Published : 2008.12.31

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the health status based on the anthropometric and biochemical measurements of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. The subjects were 1,384 people (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over (average 62.7 years). The mean anthropometric values for males and females were heights of 163.7 and 151.5 cm; weights 63.6 and 57.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 23.6 and $24.9kg/m^2$; body fat 21.8 and 31.8%, respectively. Height and weight were lower, however, waist circumference (in female) and BMI were higher than those of the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). Obesity incidences of male and female subjects were 28.7% and 47.3% by BMI; 25.8% and 50.8% by % body fat; and 15.6% and 80.9% by waist circumference, respectively. Also, abdominal adiposity was very severe in female subjects of 50s. The mean biochemical measurements of male and female were as follows: systolic and diastolic blood pressure 136.9, 83.8 mmHg and 133.6, 82.5 mmHg; hemoglobin (Hb) 14.3 and 13.0 g/dL; hematocrit (Ht) 44.7 and 39.8%; blood albumin 4.15 and 4.04 g/dL; total-cholesterol 170.0 and 183.1 mg/dL; HDL-cholesterol 43.6 and 42.7 mg/dL; fasting blood glucose 96.7 and 93.0 mg/dL, respectively. Also, the prevalence of biochemically abnormal subjects according to each cut-off point of biochemical measurements were analyzed. The results for male and female were; hypertension 58.0% and 47.2%; iron deficient anemia 19.3% and 20.6% by Hb, 7.2% and 11.9% by Ht; hypoalbuminemia 9.8% and 11.7%; diabetes 12.0% and 10.2%; hypercholesterolemia 19.5% and 30.5%, respectively. From those results we found that hypoalbuminemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent, and obesity in females of 50s, iron-deficient anemia and diabetes in males of 70 years and over were significant health problems in this area. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to examine their health status periodically and provide the appropriate health and nutrition education program, which includes low sodium intake, balanced diet, exercise and weight control, to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.

본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들의 만성질환 예방을 위한 건강증진사업에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 안동시 읍면지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민 1,384명을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하고 평가하였으며, 이들의 관련성을 분석하였다. 평균 연령은 62.7세(남자 63.8세, 여자 62.0세)였고, 연령별 분포는 $50{\sim}59$세가 33.0%, $60{\sim}69$세가 50.0%, 70세 이상이 17.0%이었다. 평균 신장은 남녀 각각 163.7과 151.5 cm, 평균 체중은 각각 63.3과 57.3 kg, 허리둘레 평균은 각각 82.5와 86.8 cm로 신장과 체중은 국민건강영양조사보다 작았지만 여자의 허리둘레는 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 체질량지수는 남녀 각각 23.6과 $24.9kg/m^2$로 국민건강영양조사보다 높았으며, 체지방율은 각각 21.8%와 31.8%였다. 비만 유병율이 체질량지수로는 남자 28.7%, 여자 47.3%였고, 50대 여자의 비만 유병율이 전국 평균(39.8%)보다 매우 높았다. 체지방율에 의한 비만 유병율은 남녀 각각 25.8%, 50.8%였으며, 남녀 모두 70세 이상에서 가장 높아 각각 37.5%와 58.5% 를 나타내었다. 허리둘레에 의한 복부비만은 남녀 각각 15.6%, 80.0%였으며, 50대 여자의 복부비만이 84.7%로서 전국 평균($50{\sim}54$세 60.7%, $55{\sim}59$세 69.6%)보다 매우 높았다. 수축기 혈압은 남녀 각각 136.9와 133.6 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 각각 83.8과 82.5 mmHg로, 국민건강영양조사보다 수축기 혈압은 남자는 다소 높고 여자는 비슷하였으며, 이완기 혈압은 남녀 모두 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 혈색소치는 남자 14.3 g/dL, 여자 13.0 g/dL로 국민건강영양조사와 비슷하였으나, 헤마토크리트치는 남자 44.7%, 여자 39.8%로 전국 평균보다 높았다. 혈액의 지질 양상을 보면, 중성지방은 남녀 각각 98.5와 101.7 mg/dL로서 남녀 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 총 콜레스테롤치는 각각 170.0과 183.1 mg/dL, LDL-콜레스테롤치는 각각 106.8과 119.9 mg/dL로서 여자가 남자보다 더 높았으며, HDL-콜레스테롤은 각각 43.3과 42.7 mg/dL로서 성별 차이가 없었다. 국민건강영양조사보 다 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤이 모두 낮았으며 낮은 총 콜레스테롤치는 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤치에 기인한 것으로 분석되었다. 공복 혈당은 남녀 각각 96.7과 93.0 mg/dL로 여자의 공복 혈당이 국민건강영양조사에 비해 매우 낮았다. 혈액의 과산화지질 농도는 남녀 각각 4.50과 4.32 nmole/mL였으며, 정상범위에 속하기는 하지만 정상범 위에서 다소 높은 수치인 것으로 나타났다. 고혈압 유병율은 남녀 각각 58.0%와 47.2%였고, 남자는 60대(61.9%), 여자는 70세 이상 (60.2%)에서 가장 높았다. 철결핍성 빈혈은 혈색소치에 따라 남녀 각각 19.3%와 20.6%, 헤마토크리트치에 따라 각각 7.2%와 11.9%였으며, 70세 이상의 빈혈 유병율 매우 높아(혈색소 기준 남녀 각각 27.4%와 33.3%) 이들에 대한 특별한 관심이 요구된다. 저알부민혈증이 남녀 각각 9.8%와 11.7%로 단백질-열량 섭취 불량이 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 당뇨 유병율이 남자 12.0%, 여자 10.2%였으며, 70세 이상 남자의 당뇨병 유병율이 17.9%로 매우 높았다. 중성지방 이상자 비율은 남녀 각각 7.3%와 6.2%로 전국 평균보다 낮았으며, 고콜레스테롤혈증(남자 19.5%, 여자 30.5%)과 HDL-콜레스테롤 이상자 비율(남자 39.5%, 여자 42.7%)은 전국 평균보다 높았다. 이상 안동시 읍면 지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하여 분석한 결과, 고혈압 및 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병율이 높았으며, 단백질-열량 불량 상태를 말해 주는 저알부민혈증이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 70세 이상 노인들에서 철 결핍성 빈혈이 많았고, 50대 여자에서는 비만, 특히 복부 비만이 매우 심각하였으며, 70세 이상 남자에서는 당뇨병 유병율이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 혈압과 혈당을 규칙적으로 측정하도록 유도하며, 소금섭취 저감화와 균형 있는 영양섭취 및 다양한 운동프로그램을 통해 체중을 줄이고 혈압을 낮출 수있는 영양중재프로그램의 운영 필요성이 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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