Predicting of the $^{14}C$ Activity in Rice Plants Exposed to $^{14}CO_2$ Gas for a Short Period of Time

$^{14}CO_2$가스에 단기간 노출된 벼의 $^{14}C$ 오염 예측

  • Published : 2008.12.30

Abstract

This paper describes a dynamic compartment model to predict the time-dependent $^{14}C$ activity in a plant as a result of a direct exposure to an amount of $^{14}CO_2$ for a short period of time, and experimental results for the model validation. In the model, the plant consists of two compartments of the body and ears, and five carbon fluxes between the compartments, which are the function of parameters relating to the growth and photosynthesis of a plant, are considered. Model predictions were made for an investigation into the effects of the exposure time, the elapsed exposure time, and the model parameters on the $^{14}C$ radioactivity of a plant. The present model converged to a region where the specific activity model is applicable when the elapsed time of the exposure was extended up to the harvest time of a plant. The $^{14}C$ activity of a plant was predicted to be the greatest when the exposure had happened in the period between the flowering and ears-maturity on account of the most vigorous photosynthesis rate for the period. Comparison of model predictions with the observed 14C radioactivity of rice plants showed that the present model could predict the $^{14}C$ radioactivity of the rice plants reasonably well.

본 논문은 벼에 $^{14}CO_2$ 가스를 단기간 동안 직접 노출시켜 시간대 별 $^{14}C$의 전이 현상에 대한 동적 예측 모델과 동 모델의 타당성을 조사하기 위해 수행된 벼의 $^{14}CO_2$ 피폭 실험에 대해 기술하였다. 본 모델에서 작물은 몸체와 이삭(쌀알)의 두 격실로 구분되었고, 식물의 광합성과 연관된 매개변수의 함수로 표현되는 5개의 격실 간 탄소이동을 고려하였다. 모델예측을 통해 작물의 $^{14}C$ 방사능 오염에 대한 $^{14}CO_2$, 누출 시기 및 지속시간, 매개변수의 영향을 분석하였다. $^{14}CO_2$ 누출 지속시간이 길어지면 본 모델은 비 방사능 모델 적용 영역으로 수렴되었다. 작물의 $^{14}C$ 오염은 광합성이 가장 왕성한 개화기부터 수확기 사이에 작물이 $^{14}CO_2$에 노출되었을 때 가장 큰 것으로 예측되었다. $^{14}CO_2$에 대한 벼 노출 실험결과와 모델예측결과의 비교로부터 본 모델은 벼의 $^{14}C$ 흡수 예측 모델로 충분히 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aquilonius K, Hallberg B. Process-oriented dose assessment model for $^{14}C$ due to releases during normal operation of a nuclear power plant. J. of Environ. Radioactivity, 2005;82:267-283 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.009
  2. Shinohara K. Assessment of radiological effects on the regional environment due to the operation of the Tokai Reprocessing Plant. J. of Environ. Radioactivity, 2004;72:299-322 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00218-2
  3. USNRC. Calculation of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor effluents for the purpose of evaluating compliances with 10 CFR, Part 50, Appendix I. USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 Revision 1. USNRC, 1994
  4. Killough GG, and Rohwer PS. A new look at the dosimetry of $^{14}C$ released to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Health Physics, 1978;34:141-159 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-197802000-00002
  5. Pearce KI. CARBON2- A computer code for the prediction of the time dependent uptake of CARBON-14 by crops and milk. TD/RPB/REP/0082 Environmental Technology, Nuclear Electric plc, 1992
  6. Smith GM, Robinson PC, Stenhouse MJ. C-14 food chain modeling following release to atmosphere. A report for the Food Sciences Division of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, UK, IE3725-1, May, 1994
  7. Andoh MA, Amano H. Development of dynamic compartment model for estimation of C-14 behavior in paddy field. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Modeling and Radioecology, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan, October 22-24, 2003, Institute for Environment Science, Japan, p480
  8. Collins CD, Bell JNB. Experimental studies on the deposition to crops of radioactive gases released from gascooled reactors-III Carbon-14 dioxide. J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2001;53:215-229 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00127-2
  9. Kang HS, Lee HS, Jun I, Choi YH. Transfer of $^{14}C$ in Rice Plants directly exposed at different growth stages. Transaction of Korean Nuclear Society Spring Meeting, Jeju, Korea, May 10-11, 2007
  10. Jun I, Kang HS, Keum DK, Choi YH, Lee HS. An Experimental study of the $^{14}C$ transfer form air to rice plant by photosynthesis. International Symposium on Environmental Modeling and Radioecology, Rokkaso, Aomori, Japan, October 18-20, 2006
  11. Jun I, Lim KM, Choi YH, Keum DK, Lee CW. Transfer of $^{14}C$ into rice plants following a direct exposure to $^{14}CO_{2}$ gas. Transaction of Korean Association for Radiation Protection Fall Meeting, Jeju, Korea, Nov. 1-2, 2007