Food Science and Biotechnology

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Isolation and Identification of Taxol, an Anticancer Drug from Phyllosticta melochiae Yates, an Endophytic Fungus of Melochia corchorifolia L.

  • Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil (Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Muthumary, Johnpaul (Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus) ;
  • Hur, Byung-Ki (Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University)
  • Published : 2008.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Phyllosticta melochiae, an endophytic fungus isolated from the healthy leaves of Melochia corchorifolia, was screened for the production of an anticancer drug, taxol on modified liquid medium and potato dextrose broth medium in culture for the first time. The presence of taxol was confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of analysis. The amount of taxol produced by this fungus was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum amount of fungal taxol production was recorded as $274{\mu}g/L$. The production rate was increased to $5.5{\times}1,000$ fold than that found in the culture broth of earlier reported fungus, Taxomyces andreanae. The fungal taxol extracted also showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the in vitro culture of tested human cancer cells by apoptotic assay. The results designate that the fungal endophyte, P. melochiae is an excellent candidate for an alternate source of taxol supply and can serve as a potential species for genetic engineering to enhance the production of taxol to a higher level.

Keywords

References

  1. Wani MC, Taylor HL, Wall ME, Coggon P, McPhail AT. Plant antitumor agents IV. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93: 2325-2327 (1971) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00738a045
  2. Horwitz SB. Mechanism of action of taxol. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13: 134-136 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(92)90048-B
  3. Yuan J, Jian-Nan B, Bing Y, Xu-Dong Z. Taxol-producing fungi: A new approach to Industrial production of taxol. Chinese J. Biotech. 22: 1-6 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2075(06)60001-0
  4. Stierle A, Strobel GA, Stierle D. Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific yew. Science 260: 214-216 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8097061
  5. Strobel GA, Hess WM, Ford E, Sidhu RS, Yang X. Taxol from fungal endophytes and the issue of biodiversity. J. Ind. Microbiol. 17: 417-423 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01574772
  6. Li Y, Strobel GA, Sidhu RS, Hess WM, Ford EJ. Endophytic taxol producing fungi from bald cypress, Taxodium distichum. Microbiology 142: 2223-2226 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-2223
  7. Strobel GA, Yang X, Sears J, Kramer R, Sidhu RS, Hess WM. Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiology 142: 435-440 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-2-435
  8. Strobel GA, Hess WM, Li JY, Sears J, Sidhu RS, Summerell B. Pestalotiopsis guepinii, a taxol producing endophyte of wollemi pine, Wollemia nobilis. Aust. J. Bot. 45: 1073-1082 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1071/BT96094
  9. Li JY, Sidhu RS, Ford EJ, Long DM, Hess WM, Strobel GA. The induction of taxol production in the endophytic fungus Periconia sp. from Torreya grandifolia. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot. 20: 259-264 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900521
  10. Li JY, Sidhu RS, Bollon A, Strobel GA. Stimulation of taxol production in liquid cultures of Pestalotiopsis microspora. Mycol. Res. 102: 461-464 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297005078
  11. Kim SU, Strobel GA, Ford E. Screening of taxol producing endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba and Taxus cuspidata in Korea. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 42: 97-99 (1999)
  12. Noh MJ, Yang JG, Kim KS, Yoon YM, Kang KA, Han HY, Shim SB, Park HJ. Isolation of a novel microorganism, Pestalotia heterocornis, producing paclitaxel. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 64: 620-623 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19990905)64:5<620::AID-BIT13>3.0.CO;2-W
  13. Guo BH, Wang YC, Zhou XW, Hu K, Tan F, Miao ZQ, Tang KX. An endophytic taxol producing fungus BT2 isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5: 875-877 (2006)
  14. Kumaran RS, Muthumary J, Hur BK. Production of taxol from Phyllosticta spinarum, an endophytic fungus of Cupressus sp. Eng. Life Sci. 8: 438-446 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200800019
  15. Van der Aa HA. Studies in Phyllosticta-I. Stud. Mycol. 5: 65-66 (1973)
  16. Pinkerton R, Strobel GA. Serinol as an activator of toxin production in attenuated cultures of Helminthosporium sacchari. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 4007-4011 (1976)
  17. Cardellina JH. HPLC separation of taxol and cephalomannine. J. Chromatogr. 14: 659-665 (1991)
  18. Ruckdeschel K, Roggenkamp A, Lafont V, Mangeat P, Hessmann J, Rouot B. Interaction of Yersinia enterocolitica with macrophages leads to macrophage cell death through apoptosis. Infect. Immun. 65: 4813-4821 (1997)
  19. Chmurny GN, Hilton BD, Brobst S, Look SA, Witherup KN, Beutler JA. $^1H-$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ assignments for taxol, 7-epi-taxol, and cephalomannine. J. Nat. Prod. 55: 414-423 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1021/np50082a002
  20. McClure TD, Schram KH. The mass spectrometry of taxol. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectr. 3: 672-679 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(92)85009-9
  21. Yeung TK, Germond C, Chen X, Wang Z. The mode of action of taxol: Apoptosis at low concentration and necrosis at high concentration. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 263: 398-404 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1375