The Clinical Application and Results of Palliative Damus-Kaye-Stansel Procedure

고식적 Damus-Kaye-Stansel 술식의 임상적 적용 및 결과

  • Lim, Hong-Gook (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Kim, Woong-Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hwang, Seong-Wook (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Lee, Cheul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Shinn, Sung-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Yie, Kil-Soo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Woong (Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Ha (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute)
  • 임홍국 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 김수진 (부천세종병원 소아과) ;
  • 김웅한 (서울대학교 의과대학 서울대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 황성욱 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이철 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 신성호 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이길수 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이재웅 (한림대학교 의과대학 한림대학교성심병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이창하 (부천세종병원 흉부외과)
  • Published : 2008.02.05

Abstract

Background: The Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS) procedure is a proximal MPA-ascending aorta anastomosis used to relieve systemic ventricular outflow tract obstructions (SVOTO) and pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of this study was to review the indications and outcomes of the DKS procedure, including the DKS pathway and semilunar valve function. Material and Method: A retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent a DKS procedure between May 1994 and April 2006 was performed. The median age at operation was 5.3 months ($13\;days{\sim}38.1\;months$) and body weight was 5.0 kg ($2.9{\sim}13.5\;kg$). Preoperative pressure gradients were $25.3{\pm}15.7\;mmHg$ ($10{\sim}60\;mmHg$). Eighteen patients underwent a preliminary pulmonary artery banding as an initial palliation. Preoperative main diagnoses were double outlet right ventricle in 9 patients, double inlet left ventricle with ventriculoarterial discordance in 6,. another functional univentricular heart in 5, Criss-cross heart in 4, complete atrioventricular septal defect in 3, and hypoplastic left heart variant in 1. DKS techniques included end-to-side anastomosis with patch augmentation in 14 patients, classical end-to-side anastomosis in 6, Lamberti method (double-barrel) in 3, and others in 5. The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and Fontan procedure were concomitantly performed in 6 and 2 patients, respectively. Result: There were 4 hospital deaths (14.3%), and 3 late deaths (12.5%) with a follow-up duration of $62.7{\pm}38.9$ months ($3.3{\sim}128.1$ months). Kaplan-Meier estimated actuarial survival was $71.9%{\pm}9.3%$ at 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed right ventricle type single ventricle (hazard ratio=13.960, p=0.004) and the DKS procedure as initial operation (hazard ratio=6.767, p=0.042) as significant mortality risk factors. Four patients underwent staged biventricular repair and 13 received Fontan completion. No SVOTO was detected after the procedure by either cardiac catheterization or echocardiography except in one patient. There was no semiulnar valve regurgitation (>Gr II) or semilunar valve-related reoperation, but one patient (3.6%) who underwent classical end-to-side anastomosis needed reoperation for pulmonary artery stenosis caused by compression of the enlarged DKS pathway. The freedom from reoperation for the DKS pathway and semilunar valve was 87.5% at 10 years after operation. Conclusion: The DKS procedure can improve the management of SVOTO, and facilitate the selected patients who are high risk for biventricular repair just after birth to undergo successful staged biventricular repair. Preliminary pulmonary artery banding is a safe and effective procedure that improves the likelihood of successful DKS by decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance. The long-term outcome of the DKS procedure for semilunar valve function, DKS pathway, and relief of SVOTO is satisfactory.

배경: Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS) 술식은 체심실유출로 협착과 폐동맥고혈압을 완화하기 위하여 근위주폐동맥을 대동맥에 문합시키는 고식적수술이다. 본 연구는 DKS 술식의 적응증, 결과 및 결과에 영향을 주는 요인, 그리고 반월판막 기능과 DKS 경로의 장기 결과들을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 5월에서 2006년 4월 사이에 본원에서 DKS 술식을 시행받은 28명의 임상기록을 토대로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 수술시 연령은 중앙값 5.3개월($13일{\sim}38.1$개월), 체중은 중앙값 5.0 kg ($2.9{\sim}13.5\;kg$)이었고, 술전 체심실 유출로 압력차는 $25.3{\pm}15.7\;mmHg$ ($10{\sim}60\;mmHg$)였다. 18명은 초기고식적 수술로 폐동맥교약술을 시행하였으며, 술전 진단은 양대혈관 우심실 기시증이 9명, 심실-대혈관연결 불일치가 있는 양방실판막 좌심실유입이 6명, 그 외 기능성 단심실이 5명, Criss-cross 심장이 4명, 완전 방실중격 결손증이 3명, 그리고 좌심 저형성증후군의 이형이 1명이었다. 수술방법은 팻취를 이용한 측단문합이 14명, 고전적 측단문합이 6명, Lamberti 방법이 3명, 그 외가 5명이었으며, 양방향성 상대정맥 폐동맥 단락술을 6명에서, 폰탄수술을 2명에서 같이 시행하였다. 결과: 병원내 사망은 4명(14.3%)이었고, 평균 $62.7{\pm}38.9$개월 ($3.3{\sim}128.1$개월)의 추적관찰기간 동안 만기사망은 3명(12.5%)이었으며, 10년 누적 생존율은 $71.9{\pm}9.3%$였다. 다변량 분석에서 우심실형 단심실(위험도=13.960, p=0.006)과 일차 DKS 술식의 시행(위험도=6.767, p=0.042)이 사망의 유의한 인자였다. DKS 술식 후 4명은 단계적 양심실성 교정을, 그리고 13명은 폰탄수술까지 시행하였으며, 체심실 유출로 협착은 1명 이외에는 발생하지 않았다. 중등도 이상의 반월판막역류나, 반월판막에 대한 재수술은 없었으나, DKS경로에 의한 폐동맥협착으로 인한 재수술이 고전적 측단문합을 시행했던 1례(3.6%)에서 필요하였다. DKS경로나 반월판막에 대한 재수술의 자유도는 10년에 87.5%였다. 결론: DKS 술식은 체심실 유출로 협착을 동반한 환자군에서 유용한 방법이며, 출생직후 양심실교정이 어려웠던 일부 환자군에서 단계적 양심실 교정을 안전하게 시행할 수 있었다. 체심실유출로 협착이 심하지 않은 경우에 DKS 술식전에 폐동맥 교약술을 시행하여 폐혈관 저항을 감소시킨 후 DKS 술식의 성공률을 향상시킬 수 있었다. DKS 술식후 반월판막기능, DKS 경로와 체심실유출로협착의 완화에 대한 장기 결과는 만족할만하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Tchervenkov CI, Shum-Tim D, Beland MJ, Jutras L, Platt R. Single ventricle with systemic obstruction in early life: comparison of initial pulmonary artery banding versus the Norwood operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001;19:671-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(01)00663-7
  2. Damus PS. Correspondence. Ann Thorac Surg 1975;20:724-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)65775-X
  3. Kaye MP. Anatomic correction of transposition of great arteries. Mayo Clin Proc 1975;50:638-40
  4. Stansel HC. A new operation for D-loop transposition of the great vessels. Ann Thorac Surg 1975;19:565-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)64433-5
  5. Clarke AJB, Kasahara S, Andrews DR, et al. Mid-term results for double inlet left ventricle and similar morphologies: timing of Damus-Kaye-Stansel. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 78:650-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.03.005
  6. Lim HG, Kim WH, Lee YT, et al. Staged biventricular repair of Taussig-Bing anomaly with subaortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:1283-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00474-0
  7. McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Silverman NH, Hanley FL. Modified Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure for single ventricle, subaortic stenosis, and arch obstruction in neonates and infants: midterm results and techniques for avoiding circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:718-26 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70075-8
  8. Matitiau A, Geva T, Colan SD, et al. Bulboventricular foramen size in infants with double-inlet left ventricle or tricuspid atresia with transposed great arteries: influence on initial palliative operation and rate of growth. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:142-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(92)90065-U
  9. Lan YT, Chang RK, Drant S, et al. Outcome of staged surgical approach to neonates with single left ventricle and moderate size bulboventricular foramen. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89:959-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02246-4
  10. Miura T, Kishimoto H, Kawata H, Hata M, Hoashi T, Nakajima T. Management of univentricular heart with systemic ventricular outflow obstruction by pulmonary artery banding and Damus-Kaye-Stansel operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:23-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01248-7
  11. Hiramatsu T, Imai Y, Kurosawa H, et al. Midterm results of surgical treatment of systemic ventricular outflow obstruction in Fontan patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:855-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03440-3
  12. Mavroudis C, Backer CL, Muster AJ, Rocchini AP, Rees AH, Gevitz M. Taussig-Bing anomaly: arterial switch versus Kawashima intraventricular repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61:1330-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(96)00079-3
  13. Serraf A, Lacour-Gayet F, Bruniaux J, et al. Anatomic repair of Taussig-Bing hearts. Circulation 1991;84(5 Suppl): III200-5
  14. Chang YH, Kim WH, Lee JY, et al. Pulmonary artery banding before the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure. Pediatr Cardiol 2006;27:594-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-006-1038-4
  15. Lan YT, Chang RK, Laks H. Outcome of patients with double-inlet left ventricle or tricuspid atresia with transposed great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:113-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.035
  16. Freedom RM, Benson LN, Smallhorn JF, Williams WG, Trusler GA, Rowe RD. Subaortic stenosis, the univentricular heart, and banding of the pulmonary artery: an analysis of the courses of 43 patients with univentricular heart palliated by pulmonary artery banding. Circulation 1986;73:758-64 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.73.4.758
  17. Daenen W, Eyskens B, Meyns B, Gewillig M. Neonatal pulmonary artery banding does not compromise the short- term function of a Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;17:655-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(00)00452-8
  18. ranklin RC, Sullivan ID, Anderson RH, Shinebourne EA, Deanfield JE. Is banding of the pulmonary trunk obsolete for infants with tricuspid atresia and double inlet ventricle with a discordant ventriculoarterial connection? Role of aortic arch obstruction and subaortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:1455-64 https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(90)90392-3
  19. Di Donato RM, Amodeo A, di Carlo DD, et al. Staged Fontan operation for complex cardiac anomalies with subaortic obstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;105:398-405
  20. Odim JNK, Laks H, Drinkwater DC, et al. Staged surgical approach to neonates with aortic obstruction and single- ventricle physiology. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:962-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00792-4
  21. Bradley SM, Simsic JM, Atz AM, Dorman H. The infant with single ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow: results of a strategy of pulmonary artery division and shunt. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:805-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03836-5
  22. Mosca RS, Hennein HA, Kulik TJ, et al. Modified Norwood operation for single left ventricle and ventriculoarterial discordance: an improved surgical technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:1126-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00848-5
  23. Jensen RA, Williams RG, Laks H, Drinkwater D, Kaplan S. Usefulness of banding of the pulmonary trunk with single ventricle physiology at risk for subaortic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:1089-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00138-5
  24. Amin Z, Backer CL, Duffy CE, Mavroudis C. Does banding the pulmonary artery affect pulmonary valve function after the Damus-Kaye-Stansel operation? Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:836-41 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00608-0