DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

중추성 성조숙증 및 조기 사춘기 여아에서 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬작용제의 용량에 따른 사춘기 억제 효과 비교

A comparative study of the puberty suppression effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in precocious or early puberty girls

  • 심계식 (경희대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 배종우 (경희대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 양유정 (경희대학교 의과대학 핵의학교실)
  • Shim, Kye-Shik (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Bae, Chong-Woo (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University) ;
  • Yang, You-Jung (Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University)
  • 투고 : 2007.12.11
  • 심사 : 2008.03.18
  • 발행 : 2008.06.15

초록

목 적 : 중추성 성조숙증 또는 조기 사춘기 소아에서 사춘기 진행의 억제를 위하여 사용하는 GnRH agonist의 적절한 용량에 대하여 논란이 많다. 따라서 치료의 표준화가 힘들고 치료에 대한 반응도 다양할 수밖에 없다. 본 연구는 중추성 성조숙증 또는 조기 사춘기 여아에서 GnRH agonist의 용량에 따른 사춘기 억제 효과를 비교하여 적당한 용량을 추정해보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 6월부터 2007년 5월까지 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 소아청소년과에서 조기 사춘기 혹은 성조숙증으로 진단받고 GnRH agonist를 투여하기로 한 여아 22명을 임의로 3군으로 나눠서 1군은 leuprolide acetate $70{\mu}g/kg$, 2군은 $90{\mu}g/kg$, 3군은 $110{\mu}g/kg$을 투여하였다. 치료 전, 치료 후 6개월에 채혈하여 황체화 호르몬, 난포자극호르몬, 에스트라디올, 프로게스테론을 검사하였고, 신장, 체중, 골 연령, 성성숙도의 변화를 평가하여 modified puberty suppression score를 구하여 억제된 경우는 2점 이하인 경우로 하였다. 각각의 군에서 역연령과 골연령의 평균은 Kruskal-Wallis test로 차이의 유무를 검정하였고, 억제가 된 경우와 되지 않은 경우의 수를 비교하여 two-by-K 교차분석(카이제곱 검정)을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1군, 2군, 3군의 치료 전 역연령은 각각 $8.7{\pm}0.9$, $8.8{\pm}1.0$, $8.7{\pm}0.8$세, 골 연령은 $11{\pm}0.8$, $11{\pm}0.9$, $11{\pm}0.8$세, 신장표준편차점수는 $1.1{\pm}0.9$, $1.1{\pm}0.9$, $1.2{\pm}0.9$, 예측 성인키의 신장표준편차점수는 $-1.4{\pm}0.8$, $-1.4{\pm}1.1$, $-1.4{\pm}0.6$으로 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 1군, 2군, 3군의 치료 전 혈중 황체화 호르몬은 각각 $3.0{\pm}2.9$, $3.0{\pm}2.3$, $3.0{\pm}3.4IU/L$, 에스트라디올은 각각 $1.5{\pm}1.0$, $1.4{\pm}0.9$, $1.6{\pm}1.0ng/dL$로 의미 있는 차이는 없었으며, 난포자극호르몬은 각각 $4.1{\pm}2.6$, $6.3{\pm}0.3$, $3.1{\pm}2.5IU/L$, 프로게스테론은 $33.9{\pm}17.1$, $30.6{\pm}14.7$, $35.8{\pm}14.8mg/dL$로 의미 있는 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 1군, 2군, 3군 각각의 6개월 치료 후 신장표준편차점수의 변화는 $0.3{\pm}0.4$, $0.2{\pm}0.3$, $0.1{\pm}0.1$로서 1군과 2군 간에는 의미 있는 차이가 없었으나 3군과는 의미 있는 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 1군, 2군, 3군의 치료 후 각각의 황체화 호르몬은 $0.5{\pm}0.3$, $0.4{\pm}0.3$, $0.3{\pm}0.3IU/L$, 난포자극호르몬은 $2.4{\pm}1.8$, $1.9{\pm}1.6$, $1.3{\pm}0.9IU/L$, 에스트라디올은 $0.9{\pm}0.8$, $0.9{\pm}0.8$, $0.9{\pm}0.9ng/dL$, 프로게스테론은 $19.5{\pm}8.7$, $18.0{\pm}7.7$, $16.9{\pm}7.2ng/dL$ 로서 치료 전과 비교하여 세 군에서 모두 의미 있게 감소하였으며 특히 난포자극호르몬과 프로게스테론은 다른 군에 비하여 3군에서 더욱 의미 있게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사춘기 억제가 된 경우는 1군 7명중 4명, 2군 7명중 5명, 3군 8명중 8명이었고, 억제가 안 된 경우는 1군과 2군에서 각각 2명씩으로 3군에서 의미 있게 억제되는 경우가 많았다(P<0.05). 3군의 2명에서 치료 초기 주사 부위의 경미한 동통 외에 특이한 부작용은 없었다. 결 론 : 조기 사춘기 여아에서 사춘기의 진행을 막기 위해서는 성선 자극 호르몬이 보다 억제 될 수 있도록 고용량의 GnRH agonist의 투여가 필요하며, 적절한 용량에 대한 보다 많은 수의 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Purpose : There has been considerable disagreement regarding the most appropriate dosage of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cases of central precocious puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage for suppression of the puberty in girls with central precocious or early puberty. Methods : Twenty-two girls with early puberty were randomly subjected to 3 types of dosages of leuprolide acetate for at least 6 months. The number of cases in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7, 7, and 8, and dosages were 70, 90, and $110{\mu}g/kg/-month$, respectively. Height, weight, bone age, Tanner stage of breast development, and serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone were measured before treatment and after 6 months of treatment. The number of cases of puberty suppression was compared using a modified puberty suppression score with a nonparametric chi-square test. Results : There were no significant differences of chronologic and bone ages among the groups. There was a significant decrease in height SDS gain after 6 months in group 3 (P<0.05) compared with groups 1 and 2. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were all significantly decreased after treatment in all 3 groups (P<0.05). The number of cases of puberty suppression in each group were 4 (57%), 5 (71%), and 8 (100%). There was a significantly increased proportion of suppression of puberty in group 3 (P<0.05). Conclusion : It was necessary to use a higher dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to suppress early puberty in girls; however further longitudinal study will be needed for their prognosis of final adult height.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Grumbach MM, Styne DM. Puberty: Ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In: Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, editors. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 10th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co, 2003:1115-286
  2. Rosenfield RL. Puberty in the female and its disorders. In : Sperling MA, editor. Pediatric endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co, 2002:455-518
  3. Rosenfield RL. Selection of children with precocious puberty for treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs. J Pediatr 1994;124:989-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)83200-7
  4. Tanaka T, Hibi I, Kato K, Saito S, Shimizu N, Suwa S, et al. A dose finding study of a super long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (leuprolide acetate depot, TAP-144-SR) in the treatment of central precocious puberty. The TAP-144-SR CPP Study Group. Endocrinol Jpn 1991;38:369-76 https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj1954.38.369
  5. Parker KL, Baens-Bailon RG, Lee PA. Depot leuprolide acetate dosage for sexual precocity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:50-2 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-73-1-50
  6. Carel JC, Lahlou N, Guazzarotti L, Joubert-Collin M, Roger M, Colle M, et al. Treatment of central precocious puberty with depot leuprorelin. French Leuprorelin Trial Group. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:699-704 https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320699
  7. Lee SG, Choi WJ, Kim MJ, Kim YH, Jung JA, Hwang IT, et al. The efficacy of modified puberty suppression score by single blood sample for evaluation of GnRH agonist treatment in central precocious puberty. J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2005;10:181-7
  8. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2nd ed. Stanford, California: Stanford university press, 1959
  9. Bayley N, Pinneau SR. Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J Pediatr 1952;40:423-41 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(52)80205-7
  10. Antoniazzi F, Zamboni G. Central precocious puberty: current treatment options. Paediatr Drugs 2004;6:211-31 https://doi.org/10.2165/00148581-200406040-00002
  11. Kaplowitz PB, Oberfield SE. Reexamination of the age limit for defining when puberty is precocious in girls in the United States: implications for evaluation and treatment. Drug and Therapeutics and Executive Committees of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. Pediatrics 1999;104:936-41 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.4.936
  12. Arrigo T, Cisternino M, Galluzzi F, Bertelloni S, Pasquino AM, Antoniazzi F, et al. Analysis of the factors affecting auxological response to GnRH agonist treatment and final height outcome in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:140-4 https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1410140
  13. Paul D, Conte FA, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL. Long-term effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy on final and near-final height in 26 children with true precocious puberty treated at a median age of less than 5 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:546-51 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.80.2.546
  14. Bouvattier C, Coste J, Rodrigue D, Teinturier C, Carel JC, Chaussain JL, et al. Lack of effect of GnRH agonists on final height in girls with advanced puberty: a randomized long-term pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84: 3575-8 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.10.3575
  15. Cassio A, Cacciari E, Balsamo A, Bal M, Tassinari D. Randomised trial of LHRH analogue treatment on final height in girls with onset of puberty aged 7.5-8.5 years. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:329-32 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.81.4.329
  16. Lee EJ, Han HS. Growth promoting effect of short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist with or without growth hormone in girls with early puberty. Korean J Pediatr 2007;50:198-204 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2007.50.2.198
  17. Choi JH. Proper Dosage and Duration of GnRH Agonist Treatment in Central Precocious Puberty. J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2006;11:8-14
  18. Ahn BH, Han HS. Effect of GnRH analogue on predicted adult height in girls with early puberty. Korean J Pediatr 2006;49:552-7 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2006.49.5.552
  19. Seo JY, Yoon IS, Shin CH, Yang SW. The comparison of predicted adult height change and height gain after gonadotropin- releasing hormone agonist and combined growth hormone treatment in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. Korean J Pediatr 2006;49:305-11 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2006.49.3.305
  20. Yi KH. Indication of Combined Treatment of GnRH Agonist and GH. J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2005;10:24-9
  21. Ahn SY, Yoo JH, Shin CH, Yang SW. The effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on final height and its related factors in patients with true precocious puberty. Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:647-55
  22. Yoo SY, Yoo HW. Effects of treatment with long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on somatic growth in patients with central precocious puberty. J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 1998;3:59-67
  23. Mul D, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Oostdijk W, Drop SL. Auxological and biochemical evaluation of pubertal suppression with the GnRH agonist leuprolide acetate in early and precocious puberty. Horm Res 1999;51:270-6 https://doi.org/10.1159/000023413
  24. Cook JS, Doty KL, Conn PM, Hansen JR. Assessment of depot leuprolide acetate dose-adequacy for central precocious puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1206-9 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.74.5.1206
  25. Witchel SF, Baens-Bailon RG, Lee PA. Treatment of central precocious puberty: comparison of urinary gonadotropin excretion and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation tests in monitoring GnRH analog therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1353-6 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.81.4.1353
  26. Klein KO, Baron J, Barnes KM, Pescovitz OH, Cutler GB Jr. Use of an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay to determine estrogen levels in girls with precocious puberty treated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2387-9 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.7.2387
  27. Lawson ML, Cohen NA. Single sample subcutaneous luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation test for monitoring LH suppression in children with central precocious puberty receiving LHRH agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4536-40 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.84.12.4536
  28. Brito VN, Latronico AC, Arnhold IJ, Mendonca BB.A single luteinizing hormone determination 2 hours after depot leuprolide is useful for therapy monitoring of gonadotropindependent precocious puberty in girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4338-42 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031537
  29. Badaru A, Wilson DM, Bachrach LK, Fechner P, Gandrud LM, Durham E, et al. Sequential comparisons of one-month and three-month depot leuprolide regimens in central precocious puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:1862-7 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1500
  30. Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology. Growth. Pediatric Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Seoul : Kwangmoom, 2004:36-56
  31. Sonis WA, Comite F, Blue J, Prescovitz OH, Rahn CW, Hench KD, et al. Behavior problems and social competence in girls with true precocious puberty. J Pediatr 1985;106: 156-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80489-3
  32. Schoevaart CE, Drop SL, Otten BJ, Slijper FM, Degenhart HJ. Growth analysis up to final height and psychosocial adjustment of treated and untreated patients with precocious puberty. Horm Res 1990;34:197-203 https://doi.org/10.1159/000181825

피인용 문헌

  1. The Growth and Pubertal Development in Female Mice with Tissue-specific Knock out of Estrogen Receptor vol.16, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.6065/jkspe.2011.16.2.67
  2. 성조숙증으로 진단된 여자 환아에서 호르몬 수치가 개선된 치험 1례 vol.28, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.7778/jpkm.2014.28.4.064
  3. 한약 치료를 이용한 여성 특발성 성조숙증의 임상연구에 대한 문헌고찰 vol.30, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.15204/jkobgy.2017.30.3.020