Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine (대한안면통증구강내과학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Oral Parafunction on the Stiffness and Elasticity in the Muscles of the Mastication and Facial Expression

구강악습관이 저작근 및 안면표정근의 경직도 및 탄성도에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Seung-Ki (Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Eun (Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Suk (Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University School of Dentistry)
  • 김승기 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 김미은 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실) ;
  • 김기석 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실)
  • Published : 2008.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral habits on the muscles of mastication and facial expression by means of two parameters: muscle stiffness and elasticity. 10 healthy, fully-dentate male subjects in their twenties were selected for this study; all had normal Class I occlusal relationships. Muscle stiffness and elasticity were measured with a tactile sensor(Venustron, Axiom Co., JAPAN) while subjects were asked to relax and perform various parafunctional activities such unilateral clenching(biting the bite force recorder with a force of 50kg on each subject's preferred side), jaw thrusting and lip bracing. The following muscles were examined: temporalis anterior(Ta), masseter(Mm), frontalis(Fr), inferior orbicularis oculi(OOci), zygomaticus major(Zm), superior and inferior orbularis oris(OOrs and OOri) and mentalis(Mn). Paired t-test, Correlation Coefficients, ANOVA and Multiple Comparison t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Unilateral clenching was highly correlated with bilateral stiffness and elasticity of all the muscles tested. Mm was affected by all three oral habits; Ta was affected by unilateral clenching(p<0.05); Zm was affected by unilateral clenching and OOrs, OOri and Mn were most affected by lip bracing(p<0.05). This study indicates that not only the masticatory muscles but also the muscles of facial expression, mainly circumoral muscles, can be significantly influenced by parafunctional activities such as unilateral clenching and lip bracing.

구강안면통증의 주원인의 하나인 측두하악장애는 다양한 기여요인에 의해 발생하거나 악화되는데, 특히 이갈이, 이악물기 등의 비기능적 구강악습관은 중요한 기여요인으로 고려된다. 구강악습관과 저작근의 관련성에 대해서는 근전도 등을 이용한 연구가 이루어져왔으나, 안면표정근에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 연구된 바가 거의 없다. 그러므로 본 연구는 근육의 탄성도과 경직도를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 촉각센서(tactile sensor)를 이용하여 구강악습관이 저작근과 안면표정근에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 건강하고 건전한 치열을 가지고 있으며 Class I 교합관계의 정상골격인 지원자10명(20대 남성)을 연구대상으로 선택하여 촉각센서(Venustron II, Axiom Co, 일본)를 이용하여 이완 상태와 편측 이악물기(피검자가 선호하는 측의 제1대구치 부위에서 교합측정기를 50Kg force의 힘으로 깨문 상태), 턱내밀기(전치 상하절단연이 만나는 위치까지 턱을 내민 상태), 입술힘주기(치아는 닿지 않는 상태에서 입술만 꼭 다문 상태) 상태에서 저작근과 안면표정근의 경직도와 탄성도를 측정하였다. 측정근육은 측두근 전부, 교근(이상 저작근), 전두근, 하안륜근, 대관골근, 상 하 구륜근, 이근(이상 안면표정근)이었다. 통계처리를 위해 paired t-test, correlation coefficients, ANOVA 및 multiple comparison t-tests을 사용하였다. 편측 이악물기를 할 때 측정한 모든 근육에서 경직도와 탄성도는 좌우 차이를 보이지 않고 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 교근은 편측 이악물기 뿐만 아니라 턱내밀기, 입술힘주기의 시행된 모든 구강악습관에 의해 경직도가 증가하고 탄성도는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 측두근과 대관골근은 편측 이악물기의 영향을 받았으며, 상 하구륜근 및 이근의 경직도와 탄성도는 입술힘주기에 의해 크게 변화하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 편측 이악물기, 턱내밀기, 입술힘주기 같은 구강악습관은 저작근뿐만 아니라 안면표정근, 특히 구강주위근육에도 영향을 준다는 것을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sakaguchi K, Kawasaki T, Araki O. Time-series analyses of mandibular and perioral soft tissue movements during mastication. J Oral Rehabil 2003;30:270-277 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.00962.x
  2. Rugh JD, Robbins JW. Oral habit disorders. In Ingersoll B(Ed). Behavioral aspects in dentistry. New York, 1982, Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp.179-202
  3. Wohlert AB, Goffman L. Human perioral muscle activation patterns. J Speech Hear Res 1994;37:1032-1040 https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3705.1032
  4. Takada K, Miyawaki S, Tatsuta M. The effects of food consistency on jaw movement and posterior temporalis and inferior orbicularis oris muscle activities during chewing in children. Arch Oral Biol 1994;739-805
  5. Takada K, Yashiro K, Sorihashi Y, Morimoto T, Sakuda M. Tongue, jaw and lip muscle activity and jaw movement during experimental chewing efforts in man. J Dent Res 1996;75:1598-1606 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750081201
  6. Schieppati M, Di Francesco G, Nardone A. Patterns of activity of perioral facial muscles during mastication in man. Exp Brain Res 1989;77:103-112 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00250572
  7. Won TH, Kim ME, Kim KS. Muscle stiffness and elasticity of masticatory muscles on gum chewing. Korean J Oral Med 2007;32(4):421-430
  8. Lapatki BG, Stegeman DF, Jonas IE. A surface EMG electrode for the simulataneous observation of multiple facial muscles. J Neuroscience Methods 2003;123:117-128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0270(02)00323-0
  9. Nozomi T, Toshimichi I, Kazunori Y. Electromyographic activity of lower lip muscles when chewing with the lips in contact and apart. Angle Orthod 2004;74:31-36
  10. Jacinto-Goncalves SR, Gaviao MB, Berzin F, de Oliveira AS, Semeguini TA. Electro-myographic activity of perioral muscle in breastfed and nonbreastfed children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;29:57-62
  11. Neely JG, Pomerantz RG. Measurement of facial muscle strength in normal subjects. The Laryngoscope 2002;112:1562-1568 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200209000-00005
  12. Vinkka-Puhakka H, Kean MR, Heap SW. Ultrasonic investigation of the circumoral musculature. J Anat 1989;166:121-133
  13. Satiroglu F, Arun T, Isik F. Comparative data on facial morphology and muscle thickness using ultrasonography. Eur J Orthod 2005;27:562-567 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cji052
  14. Rasheed SA, Munshi AK. Electromyographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the circum-oral musculature in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996:20:305-311
  15. Gosain AK, Klein MH, Sudhakar PV, Prost RW. A volumetric analysis of soft-tissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;115:1143-1152 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000156333.57852.2F
  16. Katayama H, Inada J. Evaluation of muscle fatigue in the masseter muscle using a tactile sensor. J Osaka Odontology Society 2000;63:23-32.
  17. Nishikawa K, Murakami K. Effect of bathing on the stiff-ness of shoulder muscle. Ningen Kougaku 2000;36:318-319
  18. Inada J, Katayama H, Yoshida Y. Research pertaining to the hardness/softness of the facial muscles and the soft tissue of the inner oral cavity. Japanese Journal of Oral Biology 1998;40:160
  19. http//www.axiom-j.co.jp/explanation.htm
  20. Rohen JW, Yokochi C. Color atlas of anatomy. 1st. ed., 1983, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp.52-59
  21. Bentsianov B, Blitzer A. Facial anatomy. Clin Dermatol 2004;22:3-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.11.011
  22. Fridlund AJ, Cacioppo JT. Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology 1986;23:567-589 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00676.x
  23. Kushima H, Matsuo K, Yuzuriha S, Kitazawa T, Moriizumi T. The occipitofrontalis muscle is composed of two phys-iologically and anatomically different muscles separately affecting the position of the eyebrow and hairline. Br J Plast Surg 2005;58:681-687 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2005.01.006
  24. Narin RI. The circumoral musculature. Structure and function. Br Dental J 1975;138:49-56 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4803367
  25. Salmons S. Muscle. In: Williams PL (Ed). Gray's anatomy. The anatomical basis of medicine and surgery, 38th ed., New York, Edinburgh, London, 1995, Churchill Livingston. pp.783-789
  26. Cole KJ, Konopacki RA, Abbs JH. A miniature electrode for surface electromyography during speech. J Acoust Soc Am 1983;74:1362-1366 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390160
  27. Motooka N, Omata S, Koizumi J et al. Development of new instrument to assess viscoelasticity of skin and muscle. Tech digest of the 15th senor symposium, 1997, pp.87-90
  28. Ferreira LM, Minami E, Pereira MD, Chohfi LM, Andrews Jde M. Anatomical study of the levator labii superioris muscle. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1997;43:185-188 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42301997000300003
  29. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 5th ed., St. Louis, 2003, Mosby Inc., pp.149-189
  30. Clarke NG, Townsend GC, Carey SE. Bruxing patterns in man during sleep. J Oral Rehabil 1984;11:123-127 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1984.tb00561.x