DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Characteristics of Sourdough Breads Added with Red Koji Rice Sourdough Powder

분말화한 홍국 Sourdough를 첨가한 Sourdough Bread의 품질 특성

  • Lee, Jae-Hoon (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Kyung-Hee University) ;
  • Kwak, Eun-Jung (Dept. of Food Technology & Food Service Industry, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Soon (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Kyung-Hee University)
  • 이재훈 (경희대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 곽은정 (영남대학교 식품외식학부) ;
  • 이영순 (경희대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2008.03.31

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics of sourdough starter containing red koji rice (SD1: 0%, SD2: 10%, SD3: 20% and SD4: 40%) and to compare the quality characteristics of sourdough breads containing 10% red koji rice powder with those of sourdough bread containing with vollsauer powder (VPB) and white wheat bread (WWB) prepared with starter SD1. The activity of ${\beta}$-amylase increased with increasing amount of red koji rice. Organic acids of sourdough starter with red koji rice (SD2, SD3 and SD4) were higher than that of sourdough starter SD1. The peak time, peak value width of tail, pH, and L value were high in WWB, while the proofing power and a and b values of WWB were lower than those of VPB and sourdough bread containing SD1 (SPB1), SD2 (SPB2), SD3 (SPB3), or SD4 (SPB4). The lowest pH, baking loss, and specific volume were observed with the VPB. The baking loss of SPB4 (sourdough bread containing SD4) was the highest (13.01%). Overall, hardness and springiness were low in sourdough bread containing red koji rice powder, whereas sourness and off-flavor were higher than in VPB. Results of specific volumes, hardness and sensory evaluation indicated that the addition of 10% red koji rice powder to sourdough starter can improve the quality characteristics of the sourdough bread.

본 연구에서는 홍국의 첨가량을 달리하여 sourdough starter를 전통적 방법으로 제조하고, 발효시간과 홍국의 첨가량에 따른 sourdough starter의 이화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 또한 이를 분말화하고, 제빵에 사용하여 상업용 sourdough powder와 비교하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. Sourdough starter의 효소활성을 측정한 결과 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성은 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, ${\beta}$-amylase의 활성은 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. Sourdough bread 특유의 맛을 나타나게 하는 유기산은 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1보다 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4가 높게 나타났으며, 홍국의 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 상업용 sourdough 분말을 첨가한 VPB, 홍국을 첨가하지 않은 SD1의 분말과 홍국을 10%, 20%, 40% 첨가한 SD2${\sim}$4의 분말을 첨가한 SPB1${\sim}$4의 mixograph 측정 결과 peak time과 peak value는 SPB1과 SPB2는 밀가루만을 이용한 WWB와 가장 유사하였다. 반죽의 발효과정 동안 pH와 적정산도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 반죽이 가장 낮은 pH를 나타내었으며, 적정산도는 WWB가 가장 낮고, VPB와 SPB1${\sim}$4는 유사하게 나타났다. 제품의 비용적은 WWB, SPB1, SPB2 등이 높게 나타났으며, 굽기 손실도 비용적과 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 색도를 측정한 결과 VPB와 SPB군의 L값과 a값은 유사하였으며, WWB에 비하여 홍국 첨가량이 많은 sourdough powder를 사용한 bread일수록 L값은 감소, a값은 증가하였다. Texture 측정 결과 VPB는 경도, 응집성, 탄력성, 점착성, 부서짐성 등의 모든 항목에서 높게 나타났으며, SPB1과 SPB2는 WWB와 유사하게 나타났다. 3일간 저장한 후 경도를 측정한 결과 VPB의 경도가 가장 높았으며, WWB, SPB $1{\sim}3$은 서로 유사한 값으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 탄력성 정도는 VPB가 가장 높게, 신맛의 정도와 이취의 정도는 WWB가 가장 낮게, 신맛의 정도는 SPB2, 이취의 정도는 SPB1이 가장 높게 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도는 VPB가 가장 낮으며, SPB2와 SPB3이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 sourdough starter의 제조 시 홍국을 10% 첨가하여 제조하고 분말화하여 bread에 적용할 때 상업용 sourdough powder를 첨가한 bread와 일반적인 이스트 bread보다 품질이 우수한 제품을 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee JY, Lee SK, Cho NJ, Park WJ. 2003. Development of the formula for natural bread-making starter. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 1245-1252 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.8.1245
  2. Vuyst L, Neysens P. 2005. The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends Food Sci Technol 16: 43-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2004.02.012
  3. Kulp K, Lorenz K. 2003. Handbook of Dough Fermentations. Marcel Dekker, New York. p 23-42
  4. Pyler. 1982. Baking Science and Technology. Siebel Publishing Co, Chicago. p 782
  5. Kim SY, Hwang SY. 2004. Effect of sourdough powder on the physical properties of the bread flour. Korea J Food Nutr 17: 171-176
  6. Rouzaud O, Martinez-Anaya MA. 1993. Effect of processing conditions on oligosaccharide profile of wheat sourdoughs. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 97: 434-439 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01202613
  7. Corsetti A, Gobbetti M, Balestrieri F, Paoletti F, Russi L, Rossi J. 1998. Sourdough lactic acid bacteria effects on bread firmness and staling. J Food Sci 63: 347-351 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15739.x
  8. Decock P, Cappelle S. 2005. Bread technology and sourdough technology. Trends in Food Science & Technology 16: 113-120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2004.04.012
  9. Wild D, Toth G, Humpf H. 2002. New Monascus metabolite isolated from red yeast rice. J Agric Food Chem 50: 3999-4002 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020023s
  10. Chung SH, Suh HJ, Hong JH, Lee HK, Cho WD. 1999. Characteristics of kochujang prepared by Monascus anka koji. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 61-66
  11. Rhyu MR, Kim EY, Chung KS. 2003. Effect of Monascus koji on the quality characteristics of bologna-type sausage. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 229-234
  12. Martinkova L, Juzlova P, Vesely D. 1995. Biological activity of polyketide pigments produced by the fungus Monascus. J Appl Bacteriol 79: 609-616 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb00944.x
  13. Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Yamanouchi S, Takido M. 1996. Inhibitory effect of oral administration of Monascus pigment on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncol 53: 247-249 https://doi.org/10.1159/000227568
  14. Youn UK, Kim YH, Kim SD. 2003. Pigment and monacolin K content of beni-koji fermented with soybean curd residue. Korean J Food Preserv 10: 360-364
  15. Lee JH, Kwak EJ, Kim JS, Lee KS, Lee YS. 2007. A study on quality characteristics of sourdough breads with addition of red yeast rice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 785-793 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.6.785
  16. Oh HI, Shon SH, Kim JM. 2000. Changes in microflora and enzyme activities of kochujang prepared with Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccaromyces rouxii during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 410-416
  17. Miller GL. 1959. Use of regent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31: 426-428 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
  18. Paramithiotis S, Chouliaras Y, Tsakalidou E, Kalantzopoulos G. 2005. Application of selected starter cultures for the production of wheat sourdough bread using a traditional three-stage procedure. Process Biochem 40: 2813-2819 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.12.021
  19. Finny KF. 1984. An optimized straight dough bread making method after 44 years. Cereal Chem 61: 20-27
  20. Kim H, Choi CR, Han KS. 2007. Quality characteristics of white pan breads prepared with various salts. J Korea Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 72-80 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.1.072
  21. AACC. 1983. Approved Method 72-10. 8th ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA
  22. Yoo YJ, Chang HG, Choi YS. 2005. Effect of defatted soy flour on the bread making properties of wheat flour. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 21: 301-310
  23. 노봉수, 이승철, 장판식. 2005. 식품효소공학. 신광출판사, 서울. p 117-120
  24. Calderon M, Loiseau G, Guyot JP. 2003. Fermentation by Lactobacillus fermentum Ogi E1 of different combinations of carbohydrates occurring naturally in cereals: consequences on growth energetics and ${\alpha}$-amylase production. Int J Food Microbiol 80: 161-169 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00147-2
  25. Lim SI, Kwak EJ. 2004. Stability of the pigments from Monascus purpureus CBS 281.34. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33: 711-715 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.4.711
  26. Walker AE, Walker CE. 2001. Documentation and user's instructions for mixsmart. National Manufacturing Division, TMCO, NE, USA. p 2-12
  27. Kim SK, Cheihg HS, Kwon TW, D'Appolonia BL, Marston PE. 1978. Rheological and baking studies of composite flour from wheat and naked barley. Korean J Food Sci Technol 10: 11-15
  28. Bae JH, Woo HS, Choi HJ, Choi C. 2001. Qualities of bread added with Korean persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. folium) leaf powder. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 882-887
  29. Jeong JW, Park KJ. 2006. Qualities characteristics of loaf bread added with Takju powder. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 52-58
  30. Choi UK. 2005. Effect of barley bran flour addition on the quality of bread. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 746-750

Cited by

  1. Development of White Bread Using Fermented Wild Grape Sourdough vol.43, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.12.1896
  2. Quality Characteristics of Bread Containing Sourdough Using Various Grain Flours vol.31, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.3.264
  3. Quality Characteristics of Bread Containing Various Levels of Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. wils.) Fruit Powder vol.39, pp.9, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.9.1340
  4. 블루베리-쌀 천연발효종과 자광미 가루를 첨가한 우리밀 식빵의 품질 특성 vol.24, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2014.12.24.6.883
  5. 밀가루를 대체한 다양한 종류의 쌀가루 머핀의 품질특성 및 항산화 효과 vol.49, pp.5, 2008, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2017.49.5.567
  6. Quality Characteristics of White Pan Bread with Apple Liquid Starter vol.35, pp.1, 2008, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2019.35.1.45