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Assessment of Microbiological Quality for Raw Materials and Cooked Foods in Elementary School Food Establishment

초등학교에 공급되는 급식용 식재료 및 조리식품의 미생물학적 품질평가

  • 신원선 (한양대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 홍완수 (상명대학교 외식영양학과) ;
  • 이경은 (서울여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2008.03.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of raw and cooked foods served in the elementary school food service. Raw and cooked food samples were collected from 11 selected elementary schools in both June to July and September to October of 2005. Petrifilm plates were used to determine (in duplicate) total aerobic colony counts (PAC), Enterobacteriaceae (PE), coliform counts (PCC), and E. coli counts (PEC). Heavy contamination of Enterobacteriaceae (from 0.08 to 7.40 log CFU/g) and total coliform (0.50 to 6.52 log CFU/g) were observed in raw materials and cooked foods. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were detected in the sample of currant tomato (3.70 log CFU/g), sesame leaf (3.59 log CFU/g), dropwort (0.20 log CFU/g), crown daisy (3.15 log CFU/g), parsley (3.00 log CFU/g), peeled green onion (1.74 log CFU/g), frozen pork (0.65 log CFU/g), frozen beef (0.20 or 1.50 log CFU/g), chicken (1.78 log CFU/g), and young radish leaf seasoned with soybean paste (1.24 log CFU/g). Multiplex PCR system was used to determine the food-borne pathogens: Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Shigella spp., B. cereus was detected in 19 samples of raw materials and 8 samples of cooked foods. With regard to quantitative analysis, B. cereus counts exceeded 5.46, 3.48 and 1.79 log CFU/g in sesame leaf, peeled green onion and seasoned mungbean jelly, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 2 samples of frozen beefs, and its biochemical characteristics of one beef sample was confirmed with API 20E kit (93.7%). L. monocytogenes was detected in fried rice paper dumpling, but the presumptive colonies were not detected onto the conventional plate. C. jejuni was detected in peeled & washed onion.

학교급식에 공급되는 식재료와 이를 이용하여 조리한 식품에 대한 미생물적 품질검사를 위하여 2005년 6월${\sim}$7월, 9월${\sim}$10월의 2회로 나누어 서울시에 위치한 초등학교 11개교에서 원료 식재료와 이를 이용하여 조리한 식품시료(54종 64품목)를 수거하였다. 수거한 시료 중 장내세균은 전처리 채소에서 $0.86{\sim}6.78$ log CFU/g, 육류(돼지고기, 쇠고기, 닭봉)에서 $2.08{\sim}5.18$ log CFU/g, 어류(고등어, 코다리, 동태)에서 $2.20{\sim}4.14$ log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 양념된 채소인 생채류와 샐러드에서 $2.99{\sim}5.30$ log CFU/g, 숙채류에서는 $2.45{\sim}4.24$ log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 반 가공 식품인 J교의 떡국떡, D교의 두부에서도 각각 0.72와 2.44 log CFU/g의 장내세균이 검출되었다. 대장균은 전처리 야채인 쪽파(1.74 log CFU/g), 비전처리 야채에서 방울토마토(3.70 log CFU/g), 깻잎(3.59 log CFU/g), 쑥갓(3.15 log CFU/g), 미나리(0.20 log CFU/g), 파슬리(3.00 log CFU/g) 등 5건이 검출되었고, 육류는 돼지고기(0.65 log CFU/g), 쇠고기($0.20{\sim}1.50$ log CFU/g), 닭봉(1.78 log CFU/g)에서 검출되었다. 조리된 식품에서는 숙채류인 무청된장무침에서 1건(1.24 log CFU/g)이 검출되었다. 다중검출 유전자분석법(Multiplex PCR)을 이용한 유전자분석방법으로 Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, B. cereus, C. jejuni, V. parahaemolyticus, Shigella spp. 8종을 검출하여 확인한 결과, 8건의 조리된 음식과 식재료 19건에서 B. cereus가 검출되었다. 검출된 B. cereus의 정량검사 결과, 깻잎 5.46 log CFU/g, 청포묵무침 1.79 log CFU/g, 쪽파(전처리) 3.48 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 조리식품인 청포묵무침과 코다리조림은 원료에서는 검출되지 않았으나 조리된 식품에서 B. cereus가 검출되어 조리과정에서의 교차오염으로 판단되었다. E. coli O157:H7은 냉동쇠고기에서 2건이 검출되었고 1건이 API kit로 확인 동정(93.7%)되었다. L. monocytogenes는 유전자분석결과 튀김 1건에서 검출되었으나 전통적인 배지법으로 확인 실험한 결과, 의심집락은 확인할 수 없었다. 또한, C. jejuni는 전처리한 양파에서 검출되었다.

Keywords

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