Haplotype Diversity and Durability of Resistance Genes to Blast in Korean Japonica Rice Varieties

Blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most damaging diseases in rice. The use of resistant varieties is an effective measure to control the disease, however, many resistant varieties were broken down to their resistance effects by the differentiating of new virulent isolates. This study was done to analyze the haplotypes of 31 microsatellite markers linked to five major R genes and two QTLs and to identify the alleles for the putatively novel genes related to durable resistance to blast in 56 Korean japonica and four indica varieties. The 31 microsatellite markers produced 2 to 13 alleles(mean = 5.4) and had PICi values ranging from 0.065 to 0.860(mean=0.563) among the 60 rice accessions. Cluster analysis based on allele diversities of 31 microsatellite markers grouped into 60 haplotypes and ten major clusters in 0.810 genetic similarity. A subcluster IV-1 grouped of early flowering varieties harboring Piz and/or Pi9(t) on chromosome 6 and Pita/Pita-2 gene on chromosome 12. The other subcluster V-1 consisted of four stable resistance varieties Donghae, Seomjin, Palgong and Milyang20. The analysis of putative QTLs associated with seven blast resistance genes using ANOVA and linear regression showed high significance to blast resistance across regions and isolates in the markers of two genes Piz and/or Pi9(t) and Pita/Pita-2. These results illustrate the utility of microsatellite markers to identify rice varieties is likely carrying the same R genes and QTLs and rice lines with potentially novel resistant gene.