Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Estimation of Storm Hydrographs in a Small Forest Watershed Using a Distributed Hydrological Model

분포형 수문모형을 이용한 산림소유역의 홍수수문곡선의 추정

  • Lee, Sang-Ho (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences) ;
  • Woo, Bo-Myeong (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Im, Sang-Jun (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences)
  • 이상호 (서울대학교 산림과학부.농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 우보명 (서울대학교 산림과학부) ;
  • 임상준 (서울대학교 산림과학부.농업생명과학연구원)
  • Published : 2008.03.31
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Abstract

This study was conducted to simulate storm hydrographs on a small forested watershed using TOPMODEL, which is a distributed hydrological model. The Myeongseong watershed, which is 58.3 ha in size, was selected to monitor rainfall and runoff data. The Monte Carlo simulation was also used to calibrate parameters of TOPMODEL. Six rainfall-runoff pairs collected at the watershed in the year 1997 were used for parameter calibration, and eight rainfall-runoff pairs collected during the period of $1998\sim1999$ were used for validation effort. The errors of runoff volume ranged from -2.74% to 1.81%, and an average value of model efficiency in terms of runoff volume was 0.92 for the calibration period. The average value of observed peak discharge was $0.324m^3\;s^{-1}$ for six rainfall-runoff pairs, while the prediction value was $0.295m^3\;s^{-1}$. The simulation errors of peak discharge varied according to rainfall characteristics and antecedent condition, within ranges of -27.65% to -1.13%. The model efficiency for the validation period was 0.92. For the validation period, observed peak discharges have an average value of $0.087m^3\;s^{-1}$ and average value of simulated peak discharge was $0.090m^3\;s^{-1}$. Observed and simulated values of time to peak for the calibration period were 18.3 hrs and 11.0 hrs, respectively, and 16.6 hrs and 13.5 hrs, respectively, for the validation period.

본 연구의 목적은 분포형 수문모형인 TOPMODEL을 이용하여 산림유역의 홍수수문곡선을 추정하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 유역면적 58.3ha의 명성유역을 선정하였으며, 대상유역에 대하여 강우량과 유출량을 측정하였다. Monte Carlo기법을 이용하여 강우사상별로 최적의 매개 변수 조합을 구하고, 매개변수별 모의기간에 대한 평균값을 적용하여 매개변수를 결정하였다. 1997년에 측정된 6개의 강우-유출량 자료를 이용하여 매개변수 보정을 실시하였으며, $1998\sim1999$년에 측정된 8개의 강우-유출량 자료를 이용하여 모형의 검증을 실시하였다. 보정기간에 대한 유출량 추정 오차는 $-2.74\sim1.81%$의 범위를 보였으며, 모형 효율(E)은 평균 0.92이었다. 6개의 강우사상에 대하여 실측된 평균 첨두유량은 $0.324m^3\;s^{-1}$이었으며, 이에 대한 추정치는 $0.295m^3\;s^{-1}$로 모의되었다. 강우 사상별 첨두유량의 오차범위는 $-27.65\sim-1.13%$로 나타났으며, 이는 강우특성 및 선행강우조건에 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 검증기간에 대하여 각 강우사상별 모형효율(E)의 평균값은 0.92로 나타났다. 첨두유량의 실측값은 평균적으로 $0.087m^3\;s^{-1}$이었으며, 추정된 첨두유량의 평균은 $0.090m^3\;s^{-1}$로 나타났다. 첨두시간은 보정기간에 대하여는 관측값과 모의값의 평균이 각각 18.3 hrs와 11.0 hrs이었으며, 검증기간에 대하여는 각각 16.6hrs와 13.5 hrs이었다.

Keywords

References

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