Advances in Traditional Medicine

Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center (경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reversible histoarchitecture study of testis and cauda epididymis and changes in cauda epididymal epithelial cell types on treatment with benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves in albino rats

  • Ahmed, Mukhtar (Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak University) ;
  • Ahamed, R Nazeer (Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak University) ;
  • Aladakatti, RH (Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak University) ;
  • Deepthi, KR (Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess whether the effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the ultrastructural changes in the epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis, its subsequent recovery in the seminiferous epithelium and fertility of male albino rats. Wistar strain male albino rats were orally administered benzene extract of 250 mg/kg body weight of O. sanctum leaves followed by subsequent recovery maintaining suitable controls for 48 days. Results indicate decrease in the weights of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicles. Other accessory organs were not affected. Total count, cell and nuclei diameters of germ cells and Leydig cells were reduced. Cauda epididymis exhibited significant reduction in epithelial height and nuclei diameter of epithelial cells. Cells showed vacuolization with exhibit of signs of degeneration. Ultra study revealed that, in general, the cauda epididymis was affected and in particular, the principal, clear and basal cells were highly disturbed. Further, there was decrease in the size of lipid droplets, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of lysosomal bodies. Fertility performance test showed no implantation in female rats mated with O. sanctum treated rats. Moreover, their recovery after withdrawal of treatment was observed suggesting that the effect of the treatment is transient and reversible. A recovery period resulted in normal spermatogenesis and fertility, suggesting reversible antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of the plant.

Keywords

References

  1. Akbarsha MA, Averal HI. (1996) Epididymis as a target organ for the toxic effect of vincristine: light microscopic changes in the epididymis epithelial cell types. Biomed. Lett. 54, 133-146
  2. Akbarsha MA, Averal HI. (1998) Male reproductive toxicity of vincristine: Ultrastructural changes in the epididymal principal cell. Biomed. Lett. 57, 159-169
  3. Akbarsha MA, Averal HI. (1999) Epididymis) as a target for the toxic manifestation of vincristine: Ultrastructural changes in the clear cell. Biomed. Lett. 59, 149-169
  4. Akbarsha MA, Averal HI, Girija R, Anandhi S, Faridha Banu A. (2000) Male reproductive toxicity of vincristine: Ultrastructural changes in the epididymal epithelial apical cell. Biomed. Lett. 102, 85-93
  5. Asha Prakash M, Rajalakshmi, Prasad MPN. (1979) Ultrastructural changes in the principal and clear cells in the rat epididymis following the administration of cyproterone acetate. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 17, 1159-1165
  6. Brooks DE. (1981) Metabolic activity in the epididymis and its regulation by androgens. Physiol. Rev. 61, 515-518
  7. Chaturvedi M, Mali PC, Ansari AS. (2003) Induction of reversible antifertility with a crude ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad fruit in male rats. Pharmacol. 68, 38-48 https://doi.org/10.1159/000068727
  8. Chinoy NJ, Patel KG, Sunita Chawla. (1997) Reversible effects of aqueous extract of papaya seed on microenvironment and sperm metabolism of cauda epididymis of rat. J. Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. 19, 717-723
  9. Dutt NH. (1999) Structure of mammalian epididymis. Comp. endocrinol. Reprod. pp 201-227
  10. Dym M, Madhwaraj HG, Lin YC, Chenes HE, Kotite NJ, Nayteh SN, French FS. (1979) Is FSH required for maintenance of spermatogenesis in adult rats. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 26, 175-181
  11. Gupta RS, Sharma A. (2003) Antifertility of Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) stem extract in male rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 41, 885-889
  12. Gupta RS, Chaudhary R, Yadav RK, Verma SK, Dobhal MP. (2005) Effect of Saponins of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth bark on the reproductive system of male albino rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 96, 31-36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.025
  13. Ghodesawar MG, Nazeer Ahamed R, Mukhtar Ahmed A W, Aladakatti R H. (2004) Ultrastructural changes in cauda epithelial cell types in Azadirachta indica leaf treated rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 42, 1091-1095
  14. Hermo L, Robaire B. (2002) In The Epididymism from the Molecules to Clinical Practice, edited by B. Robaire & BT Hinton, Kluwar Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 81
  15. Huynh PN, Sinha Hikim AP, Christina W, Ksenija S, Yan HL, Andrew L, Vince A, Sima B, Vichai R, Ronald SS. (2000). Long term effects of triptolide on spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm function and fertility in male rats. J. Androl. 21, 689-699
  16. Joshi A R, Nazeer Ahamed R, Pathan K M, Manivannan B. (1996) Effect of Azadirachta indica leaves on testis and its recovery in albino rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 34, 1091-1094
  17. Kantak NM, Gogate MG. (1992) Effect of short term administration of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) on reproductive behaviour of adult male rats. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 36, 109-111
  18. Kashinathan S, Ramakrishna S, Basu SL. (1971) Antifertility effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 10, 23-45
  19. Kasturi M, Nazeer Ahamed R, Pathan KM, Shaikh PD, Manivannan B. (1997) Effect of Azadirachta indica leaves on the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate in albino rats. Indian J. Phisiol. Pharmacol. 41, 234-240
  20. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. (1935) Indian medicinal plants, Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad, pp. 351
  21. Khanna SK, Gupta SR, Grover JK (1986). Effect of long term feeding of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) on reproductive performance of adult albino rat. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 24, 302-304
  22. Lohiya NK, Goyal RB. (1992) Antifertility investigations on the crude chloroform extract of Carica papaya Linn seeds in albino male rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 30, 1051-1055
  23. Madhusudana Reddy C, Rama Krishna Murty D, Saraswati Patil B. (1997) Antispermatogenic and androgenic activities of various extracts of Hibiscus rosasinesis in albino mice. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 35, 1170-1174
  24. Mali PC, Chaturvedi M. (1994) Inhibition of spermatogenesis with the 50% EtoH-extract of Euphorbia nerrifolia Linn root in male rats. Nat. Symp. Reprod. Health Care: Fifth Ann. Meet of the Ind. Soc. For the study of Reprod. Fertil. Jaipur, Abs, 6-7
  25. Mukhtar Ahmed. (1999) Studies on the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the morphological changes in rat sperms by scanning electron microscope. M.Phil Dissertation, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
  26. Mukhtar Ahmed, Nazeer Ahamed R, Aladakatti RH, Ghodesawar MG. (2002) Reversible antifertility effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on sperm parameters and fructose content in rats. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 13, 51-59
  27. Nadkarni AK. (1954) Nadkarni's Indian meterica medica. Vol. I, II, III ed. Popular Book Depot, Bombay, pp. 868
  28. Naseem MZ, Patil SR, Ravindra, Patil SB. (1998) Antispermatogenic and androgenic activities of Momordica charanchita (Karela) in albino rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 61, 9-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00006-3
  29. Oregebein-Crist ML. (1969) Studies on the function of the epididymis. Biol. Reprod. 1, 155 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod1.Supplement_1.155
  30. Ramesh L, Londonkar, Avadhoot Sonar, Srinivasreddy Patil, Saraswati Patil B. (2000) Nicotine delays puberty in male rat. Pharmaceutical Biol. 38, 291-297 https://doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200009)38:4;1-A;FT291
  31. Reynolds ES. (1963) The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208-212 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.17.1.208
  32. Regadera J, Cobo P, Paniagua R, Martizoz-Garua F, Placios J, Nistal M. (1993) Immunohistochemical and semiquantitative study of the apical mitochondriarich cells of the human prepubertal and adult epididymis. J. Anat. 183, 507-514
  33. Sardessai SR, Borker AS, Abraham ME. (1999) Effects of short term administration of Tulsi leaves on sexual behaviour in female rats. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 43, 398-400
  34. Seth SD, Johri N, Sundaram KR. (1981) Antispermatogenic effect of Ocimum sanctum. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 19, 975- 976
  35. Sharma A, Verma PK, Dixit VP. (2003) Effect of Semecarpus anacardium fruits on reproductive function of male albino rats. Asian J. Androl. 5, 121-124
  36. Veri JP, Hermo L, Robaire B. (1993) Immunocytochemical localization of the Yf subunit of glutathione Stransferase P shows regional variation in the staining of epithelial cells of the testis, efferent ducts and epididymis of the male rat. J. Androl. 14, 23-44
  37. Verma PK, Sharma A, Mathur A, Sharma P, Gupta RS, Joshi SC, Dixit P. (2002) Effect of Sarcostemma acidum stem extract on spermatogenesis in male albino rats. Asian J. Androl. 4, 43-47
  38. Verma V, Lall SB. (1999) Effect of leaf extract of Cocculus pendulus on the testicular enzymology of the Swiss albino mice. Indian J. Environ. Toxicol. 9, 20-23
  39. Vreeburg TM. (1975) Distribution of testosterone and 5${\alpha}$ dihydrotestosterone in rat epididymis and their concentrations in efferent duct. Endocrinology 67, 203-210
  40. WHO Protocol, LG-06. (1983) Extraction and fractionation for biological and phytochemical studies. A.P.J.F/I.P, A, pp.1001-1083
  41. Williams-Ashman HG, Reddy AH. (1972) Androgenic regulation of tissue growth and function. In Biochemical actions of hormones. G. Litwack (edn.) Vol. II, Academic Press, New York