Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Preparation of Bucky Paper using Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Purified through Surface Functionalization and Investigation of Their Field Emission Characteristics

기능화에 의한 단일벽 탄소나노튜브 정제 및 페이퍼 제조와 전계방출 특성 연구

  • Published : 2008.05.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were currently produced together with some contaminants such as a metallic catalyst, amorphous carbon, and graphitic nanoparticles, which should be sometimes purified for their applications. This study aimed to develop efficient, scalable purification processes but less harmful to SWCNTs. We designed three-step purification processes: acidic treatment, surface functionalization and soxhlet extraction, and heat treatment. During the soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran, specifically, carbon impurities could be easily expelled through a glass thimble filter without any significant loss of CNTs. Finally, SWCNTs were left as a bulky paper on the filter through membrane filtration. Vertically aligned SWCNTs on one side of bulky paper were well developed in a speparation from the filter paper, which were formed by being sucked through the filter pores during the pressurized filtration. The bucky paper showed a very high peak current density of field emission up to $200\;mA/cm^2$ and uniform field emission images on phosphor, which seems very promising to be applied to vacuum microelectronics such as microwave power amplifiers and x-ray sources.

Keywords

References

  1. S. Fan, M. G. Chapline, N. R. Franklin, T. W. Tombler, A. M. Cassell, and H. Dai, 'Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties', Science, Vol. 283, p. 512, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5401.512
  2. X. Xu and G. R. Brandes, 'A method for fabricating large-area, patterned, carbon nanotube field emitters', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 74, p. 2549, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.123894
  3. J. M. Kim, W. B. Choi, N. S. Lee, and J. E. Jung, 'Field emission from carbon nanotubes for displays', Diam. Relat. Mater., Vol. 9, p. 1184, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00266-6
  4. N. S. Lee, D. S. Chung, I. T. Han. J. H. Kang, Y. S. Choi, H. Y. Kim, S. H. Park, Y. W. Jin, W. K. Yi, M. J. Yun, J. E. Jung, C. J. Lee, J. H. You, S. H. Jo, C. G. Lee, and J. M. Kim, 'Application of carbon nanotubes to field emission displays', Diam. Relat. Mater., Vol. 10, p. 265, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00478-7
  5. D. S. Chung, S. H. Park, H. W. Lee, J. H. Choi, S. N. Cha, J. W. Kim, J. E. Jang, K. W. Min, S. H. Cho, M. J. Yoon, J. S. Lee, C. K. Lee, J. H. Yoo, and J. M. Kim, 'Carbon nanotube electron emitters with a gated structure using backside exposure processes', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, p. 4045, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480104
  6. L. Nilsson, O. Groening, C. Emmenegger, O. Kuettel, E. Schaller, and L. Schlapbach, 'Scanning field emission from patterned carbon nanotube films', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 76, p. 2071, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126258
  7. C. Journet, W. K. Maser, P. Bernier, A. Loiseau, M. L. Chapelle, S. Lefrant, P. Deniard, R. Lee, and J. E. Fischer, 'Large- scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique', Nature, Vol. 388, p. 756, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1038/41972
  8. P. Nikolaev, M. J. Bronikowski, R. K. Bradley, F. Rohmund, D. T. Colbert, K. A. Smith, and R. E. Smalley, 'Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 313, p. 91, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01029-5
  9. A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fischer, and R. E. Smalley, 'Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes', Science, Vol. 273, p. 483, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5274.483
  10. E. Dujardin, T. W. Ebbesen, A. Krishnam, and M. J. Treacy, 'Purification of single-shell nanotubes', Adv. Mater., Vol. 10, p. 611, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199805)10:8<611::AID-ADMA611>3.0.CO;2-8
  11. J. Liu, A. G. Rinzler, H. Dai, J. H. Hafner, R. K. Bradley, P. J. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C. B. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y. S. Shon, T. R. Lee, D. T. Colbert, and R. E. Smally, 'Fullerene pipes', Science, Vol. 280, p. 1253, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5367.1253
  12. H. Hu, B. Zhao, M. E. Itkis, and R. C. Haddon, 'Nitric acid purification of single- walled carbon nanotube', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, p. 13838, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp035719i
  13. J. Chen, M. A. Hamon, H. Hu, Y. Chen, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, and R. C. Haddon, 'Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes', Science, Vol. 282, p. 95, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.95
  14. L. Vaccarini, C. Goze, R. Aznar, V. Micholet, C. Journet, and P. Bernier, 'Purification procedure of carbon nanotubes', Synth. Met., Vol. 103, p. 2492, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)01087-X
  15. A. G. Rinzler, J. Liu, H. Dai, P. Nikolaev, C. B. Huffman, F. J. Rodriguez-Macias, P. J. Boul, A. H. Lu, D. Heymann, D. T. Colbert, R. S. Lee, J. E. Fischer, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, and R. E. Smalley, 'Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes: process, product, and characterization', Appl. Phys. A., Vol. 67, p. 29, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390050734
  16. W. Knapp and D. Schleussner, 'Carbon buckypaper field emission investigations', Vacuum, Vol. 69, p. 333, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00354-8
  17. C. Liu, Y. Y. Fan, M. Liu, H. T. Cong, H. M. Cheng, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 'Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature', Science, Vol. 286, p. 1127, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5442.1127
  18. A. S. Claye, J. E. Fischer, C. B. Huffman, A. G. Rinzler, and R. E. Smalley, 'Solid- state electrochemistry of the Li single wall carbon nanotube system', J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 147, p. 2845, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393615
  19. G. U. Sumanasekera, C. K. W. Adu, S. Fang, and P. C. Eklund, 'Effect of gas adsorption and collisions on electrical transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 85, p. 1096, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1096
  20. R. H. Baughman, C. Cui, A. A. Zakhidov, Z. Iqbal, J. N. Barisci, G. M. Spinks, G. G. Wallace, A. Mazzoldi, D. D. Rossi, A. G. Rinzler, O. Jaschinski, S. Roth, and M. Kertesz, 'Carbon nanotube actuators', Science, Vol. 284, p. 1340, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1340
  21. U. Vohrer, I. Kolaric, M. H. Haque, S. Roth, and U. Detlaff-Weglikowska, 'Carbon nanotube sheets for the use as artificial muscles', Carbon, Vol. 42, p. 1159, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.044
  22. J. Chen, A. M. Rao, S. Lyuksyutov, M. E. Itkis, M. A. Hamon, H. Hu. Robert W. Cohn, P. C. Eklund, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley, and R. C. Haddon, 'Dissolution of full-length single-walled carbon nanotubes', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 105, p. 2525, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp002596i
  23. Y. Lian, Y. Maeda, T. Wakahara, T. Akasaka, S. Kazaoui, N. Minami. T. Shimizu, N. Choi, and H. Tokumoto, 'Nondestructive and high-recovery-yield purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical functionalization', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 108, p. 8848, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp049368z
  24. A. Jorio, M. A. Pimenta, A. G. Souza Filho, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 'Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance raman scattering', New J. Phys., Vol. 5, p. 139, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/139
  25. S. Arepalli, P. Nikolaev, O. Gorelik, V. G. Hadjiev, W. Holmes, B. Files, and L. Yowell, 'Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality', Carbon, Vol. 42, p. 1783, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.038
  26. B. W. Smith, Z. Benes, D. E. Luzzi, and J. E. Fischer, 'Structural anisotropy of magnetically aligned single wall carbon nanotube films', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, p. 663, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.127078
  27. S. T. Purcell, P. Vincent, C. Journet, and V. T. Binh, 'Hot Nanotubes: Stable heating of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes to 2000 K induced by the Field-emission current', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 88, p. 105502, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105502