Effects of Gellan, Xanthan, and $\lambda$-Carrageenan on Ellagic Acid Sedimentation, Viscosity, and Turbidity of 'Campbell Early' Grape Juice

  • Ghafoor, Kashif (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jung, Ji-Eun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Yong-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Published : 2008.02.29

Abstract

The effect of gellan (GE), xanthan (XA), and $\lambda$-carrageenan (LC) on the viscosity, sedimentation, ellagic acid content, and turbidity of grape 'Campbell Early' juice (CEJ) was investigated. CEJ samples with 0.15% each of GE, XA, and LC were tested for the above variables after 0, 5, 10, and 20 days of storage. The samples containing GE (0.15%) showed the least amount of sediment formation, the lowest ellagic acid content and turbidity, and a rise in viscosity. Sedimentation in CEJ decreased with increased viscosity due to the addition of gums which also limited the ellagic acid content and turbidity. GE was the most effective additive for the stabilization of CEJ.

Keywords

References

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT Crop Production Data. Available from: http://faostat.fao. org. Accessed June 1, 2007
  2. Kim JS, Yook C. Color and flavor changes of grape juices stored in a cool and dark place for long-term preservation. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 12: 439-444 (2003)
  3. Morris JR. Grape Juice: Influences of pre harvest, post harvest practices on quality. pp. 129-175. In: Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables. Pattee H (ed). AVI Publishing Company, Westport, CN, USA (1987)
  4. Teresa GC, Margaluz AG, Robert MF, Carmen AA, Olga MB. Effects of thermal and non-thermal processing treatments on fatty acids and free amino acids of grape juice. Food Control 18: 473-479 (2005)
  5. Pszczola DE. Gellan gum wins IFT's food technology industrial achievement award. J. Food Technol. 47: 94-96 (1993)
  6. Chulin L, Xianosong H, Yuanying Ni, Jihong W, Fang C, Xiaojun L. Effect of hydrocolloids on pulp sediment, white sediment, turbidity, and viscosity of reconstituted carrot juice. Food Hydrocolloid 20: 1190-1197 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.01.010
  7. Speers RA, Tung MA. Concentration and temperature dependence of flow behavior of xanthan gum dispersions. J. Food Sci. 51: 96-98 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb10844.x
  8. Zhan XB. Production, Properties, and Application of Food Hydrocolloids (in Chinese). China Light Industry Press, Beijing, China. pp. 8-9 (2003)
  9. Rodd AB, Davis CR, Dunstan DE, Forrest BA, Boger DV. Rheological characterisation of 'weak gel' carrageenan stabilized milks. Food Hydrocolloid 14: 445-454 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(00)00024-2
  10. Boyle JA, Hsu L. Identification and quantitation of ellagic acid in 'Muscandine' grape juice. Am. J. Enol. Viticult. 41: 43-47 (1990)
  11. Siriwoharn T, Wolstad RE, Durst RW. Identification of ellagic acid in blackberry juice sediment. J. Food Sci. 70: C189-C197 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07124.x
  12. Matcheix JJ, Sapis J, Fleuriet A. Phenolic compounds and polyphenoloxidase in relation to browning in grape and wines. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 30: 441-486 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399109527552
  13. Bagley EB. Mechanistic basis of rheological behavior of foods. pp. 573-595. In: Physical Chemistry of Foods. Schwartzberg HG, Richard WH (eds). Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA (1992)
  14. Lee JH, Talcott ST. Ellagic acid and ellagitannins affect on sedimentation in 'Muscadine' juice and wine. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50: 3971- 3976 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011587j
  15. Lin TY, Vine RP. Identification and reduction of ellagic acid in 'Muscandine' grape juice. J. Food Sci. 55: 1607-1613 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb03581.x
  16. Garrido VM, Sims CA, Marshall MR, Bates RP. Factors influencing ellagic acid precipitation in 'Muscandine' grape juice during storage. J. Food Sci. 58: 193-196 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03242.x
  17. Genovese DB, Lozano JE. The effect of hydrocolloids on the stability and viscosity of cloudy apple juices. Food Hydrocolloid 15: 1-7 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(00)00053-9
  18. Okoth MW, Kaahwa AR, Imungi JK. The effect of homogenization, stabilizer, and amylase on cloudiness of passion fruit juice. Food Control 11: 305-311 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(99)00107-3
  19. Singleton VL, Marsh GL, Coven M. Identification of ellagic acid as a precipitate from loganberry wine. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14: 5-8 (1966) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60143a002
  20. Wang Z, Xu SY, Tang J. Food Chemistry (in Chinese). China Light Industry Press, Beijing, China. pp. 81-82 (1999)
  21. Zhang M, Li C, Cao P. Effects of processing conditions of the greenleafy vegetable juice enriched with selenium on its quality stability. J. Food Eng. 62: 393-398 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00255-3
  22. Chandrasekaran R, Radha A. Molecular architectures and functional properties of gellan gum and related polysaccharides. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 6: 143-148 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(00)89022-6
  23. Ikeda S, Nitta Y, Temsiripong T, Pongsawatmanit R, Nishinari K. Atomic force microscopy studies on cation-induced network formation of gellan. Food Hydrocolloid 18: 727-735 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.11.009
  24. Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Durand S, Garnier C, Tecante A, Doublier JL. Rheology-structure properties of gellan systems: Evidence of network formation at low gellan concentrations. Food Hydrocolloid 17: 621-628 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(02)00123-6
  25. Olalla M, Gonzalez MC, Cabrera C, Gimenez R, Lopez MC. Optimized determination of calcium in grape juice, wines, and other alcoholic beverages by atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Assoc. Off. Ana. Chem. Int. 85: 960-966 (2002)
  26. Zuo L, Lee JH. Application of statistical experimental design to improve the quality of fresh-cut apple cubes by edible coating with alginate. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 15: 825-832 (2006)
  27. Chun SY, Kim HI, Yoo BS. Effect of gum addition on the rheological properties of rice flour dispersions. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 15: 589- 594 (2006)
  28. Yoo BS, Shon KJ, Chang YS. Effect of guar gum on rheological properties of acorn flour dispersions. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 14: 233- 237 (2005)