Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Thermal Stratification and Mixing on Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait

  • Published : 2008.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The profile of a fixed site at station M ($34.77^{\circ}N,\;129.13^{\circ}E$) in the Korea Strait was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The aim was to understand the relationship between the annual thermal stratification pattern and seasonal variation in phytoplankton community structure. Physicochemical factors including temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations, which strongly influence the proliferation and diversity of phytoplankton, were measured. The study period was divided into three due to the characteristic of thermohaline structures; mixed I (March-May 2006), stratified (June-November 2006) and mixed II(December 2006-Feburuary 2007). Diatoms dominated during the mixed I (89%) and II (48%) periods, while nanoplankton group occupied over 83% of total population during the stratified period. The dominant species during the mixed I and II was Chaetoceros socialis (47% and 29%, respectively), while during the stratified period Gyrodinium sp.(4%) was the most dominant. Averaged total chl a concentrations during the mixed I and II periods were 0.61 mg $m^{-3}$ and 0.72 mg $m^{-3}$, respectively, which were at least two-fold higher than that during the stratified period (0.30 mg $m^{-3}$). The vertical mixing and convection process of the water column induced nutrient supply from the bottom layer to the euphotic zone. It also led to the dominance of diatoms during the mixed periods, whereas small phytoplankton prevailed over large phytoplankton as stratification blocked the upward movement of nutrients to subsurface during the stratified period. During the mixed I and II periods, microplanktonic chl a dominated concentrations (50% and 48%, respectively), while picoplanktonic chl a occupied over 37% of total chl a during the stratified period.

Keywords

References

  1. Arin, L., M. Estrada, J. Salat, and A. Cruzado. 2005. Spatiotemporal variability of size fractionated phytoplankton on the shelf adjacent to the Ebro river (NW Mediterranean). Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 1081-1095 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.12.011
  2. Baecena, M.A., J.A. Flores, F.J. Sierro, M. Perez-Folgado, J. Fabres, A. Calafat, and M. Canals. 2004. Planktonic response to main oceanographic changes in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) as documented in sediment traps and surface sediments. Mar. Micropaleon., 53, 423-445 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.09.009
  3. Bao, R., M. Varela, and R. Prego. 1997. Mesoscale distribution patterns of diatoms in surface sediments as tracers of coastal upwelling of the Galician shelf (NW Iberian Peninsula). Mar. Geo., 144, 117-130 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00080-7
  4. Beardsley, R.C., R. Limeburner, H. Yu, and G.A. Cannon. 1985. Discharge of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) into the East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 4, 57-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90022-6
  5. Booth, B.C. and W.O. Smith. 1997. Autotrophic flagellates and diatoms in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland: Summer 1993. J. Mar. Sys., 10, 241-261 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00081-4
  6. Booth, B.C., P. Larouche, S. Blanger, B. Klein, D. Amiel, and Z.-P. Mei. 2002. Dynamics of Chaetoceros Socialis blooms in the North Water Polynya, Baffin Bay, Canada. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 5003-5025 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00175-3
  7. Byun, S.K. and S.D. Chang. 1984. Two branches of Tsushima Warm Current in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 19, 200-209
  8. Choe, S. 1969. Phytoplankton studies in Korean Waters. III. Surface phytoplankton survey of the North-eastern Korea Strait in May of 1967. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 4, 1-8
  9. Chung, I.K. and Y.H. Kang. 1996. A marine picoplankton from Korea: Pycnococcus provasoli Guillard. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 31, 150-154
  10. Eilertsen, H.C., B. Schei, and J.P. Taasen. 1981. Investigation of the phytoplankton community of Balsfjorden, Northern Norway: The phytoplankton 1976-1978. Abundance, species composition, and succession. Sarsia, 66, 129-141 https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1981.10414530
  11. Fang, G., B. Zhao, and Y. Zhu. 1991. Water volume transport through the Taiwan Strait and the continental shelf of the East China Sea measured with current meters. p. 345-358. In: Oceanography of Asian Marginal Seas, ed. by K. Takano. Elsevier, New York
  12. Guo, X., Y. Miyazawa, and T. Yamagata. 2006. The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the shelf break of the East China Sea: The origin of the Tsushima Warm Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 2205-2231 https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2976.1
  13. Han, Y.H. 1972. Heat budget over the south-western part of the Japan Sea in the month of January and cold water mass in the Korea Strait. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 7, 19-23
  14. Isobe, A. 1999. On the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current and its seasonality. Cont. Shelf Res., 19, 117-133 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00065-X
  15. Johnson, D.R. and W.J. Teague. 2002. Observations of the Korea Strait bottom cold water. Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 821-831 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00099-1
  16. Kang, J.H., W.S. Kim, K.I. Chang, and J.H. Noh. 2004. Distribution of plankton related to the mesoscale physical structure within the surface mixed layer in the south western East Sea, Korea. J. plankton Res., 26, 1515-1528 https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh140
  17. Kawabe, M. 1982. Branching of the Tsushima current in the Japan Sea. Part 1. Data Analysis. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan., 38, 95-108 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02110295
  18. Kim, C.H. and K. Kim. 1983. Characteristics and origin of the cold water mass along the east coast of Korea. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 18, 73-83
  19. Kim, I.N. and T. Lee. 2004. Physicochemical properties and the origin of summer Bottom Cold Waters in the Korea Strait. Ocean and Polar Res., 26, 595-606 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2004.26.4.595
  20. Kim, Y.J., T. Takikawa, H.S. An, and J.H. Yoon. 2004. The seasonal and interannual variability of the Volume Transport through the Western Channel of the Korea Strait. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 39, 155-162
  21. Kiorboe, T. 1993. Turbulence, phytoplankton cell size, and the structure of pelagic foodwebs. Advan. Mar. Bio., 29, 1-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60129-7
  22. KORDI. 2006. Pacific Ocean Study on Environment and interactions between Deep Ocean and National Seas (POSEIDON). KORDI, BSPP 06401-1828-1. 553 p. (in Korean)
  23. Lee, J.C., J.Y. Na, and S.D. Chang. 1984. Thermohaline structure of the shelf front in the Korea Strait in early winter. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 19, 56-67
  24. Lee, M.O. and H.K. Kim. 2008. Characteristics of algal blooms in the southern coastal waters of Korea. Mar. Envir. Res., 65, 128-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.09.006
  25. Lee, W.H. and J.H. Shim. 1990. Distribution of phytoplankton standing crop and associated T-S properties in the Southwestern East Sea (Sea of Japan). J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 25, 1-7
  26. Lie, H .J. and C.H. C ho. 1994. O n the origin o f the T sushima Warm Current. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25081-25091 https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC02425
  27. Lim, C.H. and H.S. An. 1985. The comparison of volume transport in the Korea Strait and in the Middle of the East Sea (Japan Sea). J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 20, 50-55
  28. Lim, D.B. 1973. The movement of the cold water in the Korea Strait. J Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 8, 46-52
  29. Lim, D.B. and S.D. Chang. 1969. On the cold water mass in the Korea Strait. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 4, 71-82
  30. Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanol. Acta, 1, 493-509
  31. McQuoid, M.R. and K. Nordberg. 2003. The diatom paralia sulcata as an environmental indicator species in coastal sediments. Estuar., Coast. Shelf Sci., 56, 339-354 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00187-7
  32. Nitani, H. 1972. Beginning of the Kuroshio. p. 353-369. In: Kuroshio, ed. by H. Stommel and K. Yoshida. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo
  33. Noh, J.H., S. Yoo, J.A. Lee, H.C. Kim, and J.H. Lee. 2005. Phytoplankton in the waters of the Ieodo Ocean Research Station Determined by microscopy, flow cytometry, HPLC pigment data and remote sensing. Ocean and Polar Res., 27, 397-417 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.4.397
  34. Norrbin, M.F., C.S. Davis, and S.M. Gallager. 1996. Differences in fine-scale structure and composition of zooplankton between mixed and stratified regions of Georges Bank. Deep-Sea Res. II, 43, 1905-1924 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00046-X
  35. Park, M.J., S.R. Lee, J.C. Lee, and S.K. Byun. 1999a. Tidal nontidal fluctuations of currents in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 34, 133-143
  36. Park, M.O. 2006. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton with size fraction results at Southwestern East/Japan Sea. Ocean Sci. J., 41, 301-313 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020632
  37. Park, M.O. and J.S. Park. 1997. HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 32, 46-55
  38. Park, M.O., C.H. Moon, H.S. Yang, and J.S. Park. 1999b. Distribution of phytoplankton pigments in the Korea Strait. J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 34, 95-112
  39. Parsons, T.R., Y. Marita, and C.M. Lalli. 1984. A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 173 p
  40. Seung, Y.H. 1986. On the response of coastal water to the intensification of East Korea Warm Current along the East Coast of Korea - A theoretical consideration J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 21, 229-235
  41. Shim, J.H. and W.H. Lee. 1983. Plankton study in the Southeastern Sea of Korea (I)-Phytoplankton distribution in September, 1981. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 18, 91-103
  42. Shim, J.H., S.R. Yang, and W.H. Lee. 1989. Phytohydrography and the vertical pattern of nitracline in the southern waters of the Korean East Sea in early spring. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 24, 15-28
  43. Sournia, A. 1978. Phytoplankton Manual. Unesco, Paris, 337 p
  44. Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons, T.R. 1972. A practical handbook of sea water analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can., 167, 1-310
  45. Takikawa, T., J.H. Yoon, and K.D. Cho. 2005. The Tsushima Warm Current through Tsushima Straits estimated from ferryboat ADCP data. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 1154-1168 https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2742.1
  46. Teague, W.J., G.A. Jacobs, H.T. Perkins, J.W. Book, K.I. Chang, and M.S. Suk. 2002. Low-frequency current observation in the Korea/Tsushima Strait. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1621-1641 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1621:LFCOIT>2.0.CO;2
  47. Tomas, C.R., 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic press, San Diego, 858 p
  48. Yentsch, C.S. and D.W. Menzel. 1963. A method for determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll and phaeophytin by fluorescence. Deep-Sea Res., 10, 221-231 https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(63)90358-9

Cited by

  1. Tintinnid species as biological indicators for monitoring intrusion of the warm oceanic waters into Korean coastal waters vol.47, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-012-0016-4
  2. Nutrient distribution and effects on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/Tsushima Strait vol.47, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2012.718284
  3. Distribution Characteristics and Community Structure of Phytoplankton in the Different Water Masses During Early Summer of Southern Sea of Korea vol.32, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2010.32.1.001
  4. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea vol.77, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.09.009
  5. Eukaryotic Plankton Species Diversity in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait using 18S rDNA Sequences and its Implications for Water Masses vol.53, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-018-0005-3