Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide Comparing Industrial Complex Area with Country Area

공단지역과 시골지역 주택 실내, 실외 및 개인의 이산화질소 노출평가

  • Yang, Won-Ho (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Im, Sung-Guk (Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Son, Bu-Soon (Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 양원호 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 임성국 (대구가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 손부선 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, decay, and outdoor levels. Various indoor and out-door combustion sources produce nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), which is a by-product of high temperature fossil fuel combustion. Especially, the presence of gas ranges and smoking have been identified as major factors contributing to indoor $NO_2$ exposures. In this study, we compared an industrial complex area with a country area by assessing the personal exposure to $NO_2$with measurements of indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ levels in residences and by house characteristics and questionnaire. Personal exposure concentrations were significantly correlated with indoor $NO_2$ concentrations of residences in both the industrial complex area and the country area with correlation coefficients of 0.561 and 0.664, respectively, compared to outdoors. Multiple regression analysis, indicated that indoor $NO_2$ levels in residences were only affected by outdoor levels (p = 0.000) in spite of higher indoor sources such as smoking. Therefore, it is suggested that outdoor air quality as well as indoor air quality should be considered in the reduction of the personal exposure to air pollutants.

Keywords

References

  1. Carslaw, N. : A new detailed chemical model for indoor air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 1164-1179, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.038
  2. Lai, H. K., Kendall, M., Ferrier, H., Lindup, I., Alm, S., Hanninen, O., Jantunen, M., Mathys, P., Colvile, R., Ashmore, M. R. and Cullinan, P. : Personal exposures and microenvironment concentration of $PM_{2.5}$, VOC, $NO_2$ and CO in Oxford, UK. Atmosphere Environment, 38, 6399-6410, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.013
  3. Yang, W. H., Son, B. S. and Sohn, J. R. : Estimation of source strength and deposition constant of nitrogen dioxide using compartment model. Korean Society of Environmental Health, 31(4), 260-265, 2005
  4. Spicer, C. W., Coutant, R. W., Ward, G. F. and Joseph, D. : Rates and mechanisms of $NO_2$ removal from indoor air by residential material. Environmental International, 15, 634-654, 1989
  5. Gilbert, N. L., Gauvin, D., Guay, M., Heroux, M., Dupuis, G., Legris, M., Chan, C. and Dietz, R. N. : Housing characteristics and indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde in Quebec City, Canada. Environmental Research, 102, 1-8, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2006.02.007
  6. Kraft, M., Eikmann, T., Kappos, A., Kunzli, N., Rapp, R., Schneider, K., Seitz, H., Voss, J. U. and Wichmann, H. E. : The german review: effect of nitrogen dioxide on human health - derivation of health-related short-term and long-term values. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 208, 305-318, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.04.002
  7. Basu, R. and Samet, J. M. : A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence on Health Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure from Gas Stove. Journal of Environmental Medicine, 22, 173-187, 1999
  8. Yanagisawa, Y. and Nishmura, H. : A badge-type personal sampler for measurement of personal exposures to $NO_2$ and NO in ambient air. Environment International, 8, 235-242, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(82)90033-2
  9. Jung, S. W., Yang, W. H. and Son, B. S. : Health risk assessment by potential exposure of $NO_2$ and VOCs in apartments. Korean Society of Environmental Health, 33(4), 242-249, 2007 https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2007.33.4.242
  10. Yang, W., Lee, K. and Chung, M. : Characterization of indoor air quality using multiple measurements of nitrogen dioxide. Indoor Air, 14, 105-111, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00216.x
  11. Son, B. S., Kim, W. J. and Kim, Y. S. : A study of nitrogen dioxide concentration in industrial areas. Korean Journal of Sanitation, 16(3), 42-53, 2001
  12. Kho, Y. L., Yang, W. H. and Chung, M. H. : Environmental tobacco smoke exposure of workers at restaurants in Seoul metropolitan city. Korean Society of Environmental Health,, 28(2), 173-182, 2002
  13. Yang, W. H., Lee, K. Y., Chung, M. H. and Zong, M. S. : A study on estimation on air exchange rate and source strength in indoor air using multiple measurements of nitrogen dioxide. Journal of Korean Industrial Hygiene association, 10(1), 160-169, 2000
  14. Dimitroulopoulou, C., Ashmore, M. R., Byrne, M. A. and Kinnersley R. P. : Modeling of indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the UK. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 269-279, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00176-X
  15. Lee, K., Yang, W. and Bofinger, N. D. : Impact of mcroenvironmental nitrogen dioxide concentrations on personal exposure in Australia. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50(10), 1739-1744, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464212
  16. Yang, W. H., Son, B. S. and Yim, S. K. : Evaluation method for improvement efficiency of indoor air quality in residence. Korean Society of Environmental Health, 33(4), 255-263, 2007 https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2007.33.4.255
  17. Kulkarni, M. M. and Patil, R. S. : An empirical model to predict indoor $NO_2$ concentrations. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4777-4785, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00471-5

Cited by

  1. Concentration and diversity of mold in indoor air of the houses located at adjacent and nonadjacent Gwangyang iron works vol.17, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2018.17.2.191