Plant Biotechnology Reports

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Molecular characterization of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar 'Koshu' (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during grape development

  • Kobayashi, Hironori (Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Laboratory of Enology and Viticulture, Mercian Corporation) ;
  • Fujita, Keiko (Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi) ;
  • Suzuki, Shunji (Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi) ;
  • Takayanagi, Tsutomu (Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi)
  • Received : 2009.04.18
  • Accepted : 2009.05.15
  • Published : 2009.07.31
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Abstract

We investigated the transcriptional profiles of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar 'Koshu' (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during ripening. In leaf, 64 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$ (14 weeks post-flowering), whereas the expression of 61 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening (20 weeks post-flowering). In berry skin, 67 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$, whereas the expression of 86 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening. Gene expression associated with biological processes was activated in both tissues at the end of ripening. The expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, sugar synthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, cinnamic acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism was observed in leaf and berry skin during ripening, together with the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, cinnamic acids, and amino acids. Transcripts of AUX/IAA family proteins that repress the activities of auxin-induced proteins were expressed in berry skin at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$. Transcripts of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system that degrades AUX/IAA family proteins were abundantly expressed in berry skin at the end of ripening, suggesting that the expansion of skin cells at $v{\acute{e}}raison$ is suppressed by AUX/IAA family proteins, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome system induces the expansion of skin cells during ripening by degrading AUX/IAA family proteins. These transcriptional profiles, which provide new information on the characteristics of 'Koshu' grapevine during ripening, may explain the unique characteristics of 'Koshu' grape in comparison with those of European grapes used for winemaking, and may contribute to the improvement of 'Koshu' grape quality.

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