Effects of Fermentation Method and Brown Rice Content on Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Vinegar

발효 현미식초의 발효방법 및 원료함량에 따른 품질변화

  • Published : 2009.02.28

Abstract

To evaluate the quality of brown rice vinegar made by traditional fermentation in terms of Zymotechnic data and material content, vinegars prepared using a traditional leavening agent and yeast were compared. Amino acid, total nitrogen, free sugar, organic acid, and mineral levels were assessed, with vinegars made with initial brown rice contents of 12.36% (w/v). Vinegar made using Nuruk as fermenting agent (traditional fermentation, TF), with a brown rice content of 20% (w/v), and vinegar prepared using yeast for fermentation (control fermentation, CF), with a brown rice content of 12% (w/v) were compared. TF vinegar had a total nitrogen content about 2.0.4.6-fold that of CF vinegar. Total nitrogen in TF vinegar was 350.460 mg/100g, and in CF vinegar the level was 100.140 mg/100g. TF vinegar had more minerals, free sugars, and amino acids compared with CF vinegar. When free sugar was assessed, TF vinegar had a glucose level of 3.45 g/100g, double that of CF vinegar. Amino acid levels were five-fold higher in TF vinegar then in CF vinegar. When brown rice content was 36% (w/v), the amino acid level was $6088.22\;{\mu}g/mL$ in TF vinegar and $1194.05\;{\mu}g/mL$ in CF vinegar.

누룩을 이용한 전통발효 현미식초와 효모를 이용한 상업적인 현미식초의 원료 함량에 따른 품질변화를 조사하기 위하여, $120{\sim}360\;g/kg$의 원료함량 조건에서 현미식초를 제조하였고, 총질소, 유리당, 유기산, 무기질 및 아미노산 함량을 비교하였다. 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 현미식초는 원료함량 200 g/kg이하에서 초산발효가 이루어 지지 않은 반면, 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초의 경우 원료함량 120 g/kg 이하에서 초산발효가 이루어지지 않았다. 총질소함량의 경우, 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 현미식초가 $350{\sim}460\;mg/100g$의 범위를 나타내어, 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초의 $100{\sim}140\;mg/100g$의 범위보다 $2.0{\sim}4.6$배 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유리당, 유기산, 무기질 및 아미노산 함량의 경우에서도 총질소와 유사한 경향을 나타내어, 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 전통발효 현미식초가 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 원료함량이 증가할수록 그 함량은 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 유리당의 경우, 원료 함량 36%인 전통 발효 현미식초의 glucose 함량이 3.45 g/100 g으로 효모를 이용한 발효 식초에 비하여 2배 이상 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 유기산에서도 2.5배 이상 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 아미노산 함량의 경우, 원료함량 36%인 전통 발효 현미식초의 총 아미노산 함량이 $6088.22\;{\mu}g/mL$로서 효모를 이용한 현미 식초의 $1194.05{\mu}g/mL$보다 5배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ha, Y.D. and Kim, K.S. (2000) Civilization history of vinegar. Food Ind. Nutr., 5, 1-6
  2. Jeong, Y.J. and Lee, M.H. (2000) A view and prospect of vinegar industry. Food Ind. Nutr., 5, 7-12
  3. Kim, D.H. (1999) Studies on the production of vinegar from fig. J. Korean Soc, Food Sci, Nutr., 28, 53-60
  4. Lee, W.J. and Kim, S.S. (1998) Preparaton of Sikhe with brown rice. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 30, 146-150
  5. Jeong, Y.J. and Lee, M.H. (2000) A view and prospect of vinegar using kyungpook special products (persimmom, apple and grape). Food Ind. Nutr., 5, 53-59
  6. Fujiharu, Y. (1987) The general composition inorganic cations free amino acid and organic acid of special vinegar. J. Food Sci. Technol., 34, 592-596 https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.34.9_592
  7. Lee, Y.C., Lee, G.Y., Kim, H.C., Park, K.B., Yoo, Y.J., Ahn, P.U., Choi, C.U. and Son, S.H. (1992) Production of high acetic acid vinegar using two stage fermentation. Korean J. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 663-667
  8. Yoon, H.N. (1999) Chemical characterization of commercial vinegars. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 31, 1440-1446
  9. Furukawa, S. and Ueda, R. (1963) Studies on non-volatile organic acids in vinegars, Contents of non-volatile organic acid in commercial vinegars. J. Ferment. Technol., 41, 14-19
  10. Masai, H. (1980) Taste of the fermented beverage and foods. Taste of vinegars. J. Brew. Soc. JPN., 75, 888-891 https://doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1915.75.888
  11. Jones, D.D. and Greenshields, R.N. (1969) Volatile constituents of vinegar. A survey of some commercially available malt vinegars. J. I. Brewing, 75, 457-463 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1969.tb06382.x
  12. Kahn, J.H., Nickol, G.B. and Conner, H.A. (1966) Vinegar compounds: Analysis of vinegar by gas-liquid chromatography. J. Agri. Food Chem., 14, 460-465 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60147a005
  13. Lee, Y.C., Lee, G.Y., Kim, H.C., Park, K.B., Yoo, Y.J., Ahn, P.U., Choi, C.U. and Son, S.H. (1992) Production of high acetic acid vinegar using two stage fermentation. Korean J. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 663-667
  14. Lee, Y.C., Park, M.S., Kim, H.C., Park, K.B., Yoo, Y.J., Ahn, I.K. and Son, S.H. (1993) Production of high acetic acid vinegar by single stage fed-batch culture. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21, 511-512
  15. Saeki, A. (1991) Continuous vinegar production using twin bioreactors made from ethanol fermentor and acetic acid fermentor. J. Food Sci. Technol., 38, 891-896 https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.38.891
  16. Park, J.P., Kim, S.J., Ryu, J.C., Pyo, B.S. and Kim, S.W. (1993) Some properties of Acetobactor sp. isolated form traditional fermented vinegar. Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 8. 397-404
  17. So, M.H., Park, S.Y., Kim, S.H. and Oh, H.J. (1994) Conditions for the production of amylase and protease in marking wheat flour Nuluk by Aspergillus usamii mut. Shirousamii S1. Koeran J. Food Nutr., 7, 51-57
  18. Shin, J.S., Lee, O.S. and Jeong, Y.J. (2002) Changes in the components of onion vinegars by two stages ferentaion. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 34, 1079-1084
  19. Jeong, Y.J., Seo, J.H., Jung, S.H., Shin, S.R. and Kim, K.S. (1998) The quality comparison of uncleaned rice vinegar by two stages fermentation with commercial uncleaned rice vinegar. Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol., 5, 374-379
  20. Jeong, Y.J., Seo, J.H., Lee, G.D., Park, N.Y. and Choi, T.H. (1999) The quality comparison of apple vinegar by two stages fermentation with commercial apple vinegar. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 28, 353-358
  21. Jeong, Y.J., Lee, M.H., Seo, K.I., Kim, J.N. and Lee, Y.S. (1998) The quality comparison of grape vinegar by two stages fermentation with traditional grape vinegar. J. East Asian Soc. Dietary Life, 8, 462-468
  22. Shin, J.S. and Jeong, Y.J. (2003) Changes in the components of acetic acid fermentation of brown rice using raw starch digesting enzyme. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 32, 381-387 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.381