Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회지)

Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회)
권호 표지

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON ORAL BACTERIA

구강 내 세균에 대한 Essential oil의 항균효과에 관한 연구

  • Lee, Sun-Young (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Gon (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Baik, Byeong-Ju (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Yang, Yeon-Mi (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-Yeol (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Hoon (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-A (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
  • 이선영 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 김재곤 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 백병주 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 양연미 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 이경열 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 이용훈 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 김미아 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소)
  • Published : 2009.02.27
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Essential oils are mixture of volatile, lipophilic compounds originating from plants. Essential oils have potential biological effects, i.e., antibacterial, antifungal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodial activities and insect-repellent property. In this study, five essential oils, namely R, LG, FR, O, and NM, extracted from various aromatic plants were used to test their antimicrobial activity against the oral microorganisms. The effects of essential oils were investigated against eight important bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Essential oils, except NM, effectively inhibited the growth of tested oral pathogenic microorganisms dose-dependently. However, the essential oils didn't show a significant inhibitory effect against E. coli and S. epidermidis. Consequently, these results represented that essential oil-mediated anti-microbial activity was prominent against the oral pathogenic bacteria. For example, minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of R, LG, FR oil against A. actinomycetemcomitans was very low as 0.078 mg/mL. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of R, LG, FR, O oil against S. mutans was low as 0.156 mg/mL in vitro.

Essential oil은 식물로부터 추출한 휘발성의 호지방성 화합물로서 essential oil은 잠재적으로 항균, 항진균, 진경련, 항말라리아성, 곤충퇴치능력 등의 생물학적 효과를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방향식물에서 추출한 Citral, Pineole, Linalool, Eugenol, Limonene, Pinene 등으로 구성된 다섯종류의 essential oil을 사용하였으며, 여덟 군의 중요한 병원성 세균인 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Streptococcus sanguis(S. sanguis), Streptococcus anginosus(S. anginosus), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(A. actinomycetem- comitans), Streptococcus sobrinus(S. sobrinus), Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis), Esherichia coli (E. coli)에 대한 저항성으로서 항균능력을 평가하였다. Essential oil의 항균능력은 용액희석방법을 사용하여 검사하였으며, essential oil 농도범위는 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.625 mg/mL, 0.516 mg/mL, 0.3125 mg/mL, 0.078 mg/mL, 0.039 mg/mL, 그리고 0.015 mg/mL였다. Essential oil은 용량 의존적으로 시험 균주의 성장을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, NM을 제외하고 R, LG, FR, O oil은 저농도에서 구강 병원성 미생물의 성장을 억제하였다. 또한 사용된 essential oil은 E.coli와 S. epidermidis의 성장에는 탁월한 억제효과를 보이지는 못했으나 구강 병원성 미생물에 대해서는 특별한 성장 억제효과를 나타냈다.

Keywords

References

  1. Petersen PE : Challenges to improvement of oral health in the 21st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health programme. Int Dent J, 54:329-343, 2004.
  2. Rosan B, Lamont RJ : Dental plaque formation. Microbes Infect, 2: 1599-1607, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(00)01316-2
  3. Botelho MA, Nogueira NA, Bastos GM, et al. : Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Med Biol Res, 40:349-356, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000300010
  4. Takarada K, Kimizuka R, Takahashi N, et al. : A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19:61-64, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00111.x
  5. Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, et al. : Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol, 67:1123-1137, 1996.
  6. Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, et al. : Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 13:547-558, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.13.4.547-558.2000
  7. Newbrun E : Cariology. Quintessence, 357-375, 1989.
  8. 김강주, 이갑상, 박정순 등 : 치학 미생물학. 대학사, 215-284, 2000.
  9. 서정아, 김재곤, 백병주 등 : Chlorohexidine과 fluoride 성분의 varnish가 타액내 mutans streptococci 수에 미치는 효과. 대한소아치과학회지, 31:579-586, 2004.
  10. 김수경, 김재곤, 백병주 등 : Streptococcus mutans GS-5 Glucosyltransferase의 클로닝과 발현. 대한소아치과학회지, 35:73-82, 2008.
  11. Jarvinen H, Tenovuo J, Huovinen P : In vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans to chlorhexidine and six other antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 37:1158-1159, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.37.5.1158
  12. Slots J, Taubman MA : Contemporary oral microbiology and immunology. Mosby, 377-443, 1992.
  13. Fine DH, Furgang D, Lieb R, et al. : Effects of sublethal exposure to an antiseptic mouth rinse on representative plaque bacteria. J Clin Periodont, 23:444-451, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00572.x
  14. Fine DH : Mouthrinses as adjuncts for plaque and gingivitis management. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. Am J Dent, 1:259-263, 1988.
  15. Wolff LF : Chemotherapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Northwest Dentistry, 64:15-24, 1985.
  16. Filoche SK, Soma K, Sissons CH : Antimicrobial effects of essential oils in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 20:221-225, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00216.x
  17. Chung JY, Choo JH, Lee MH, et al. : Anticariogenic activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans(nutmeg) against Streptococcus mutans. Phytomedicine, 13:261-266, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2004.04.007
  18. Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N : Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract gel - a 6-week clinical study. J Ethnopharmachol, 90:99-103, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.035
  19. Schmidt E, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, et al. : Antimicrobial testing and gas chromatographic analysis of aroma chemicals. J Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 8:99-106, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2005.10643427
  20. Dadalioglu I, Evrendilek G : Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. J Agric Food Chem, 52:8255-8260, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049033e
  21. Nguefack J, Budde B, Jakobsen M : Five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon: their antibacterial activity and ability to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of Listeria innocua examined by flow cytometry. Lett Appl Microbiol, 39:395-400, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01587.x
  22. Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. : Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia : a placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 17:305-308, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.593
  23. Ouhayoun JP : Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouth wash. J Clin Periodontol, 30:10-12, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.30.s5.4.x
  24. Alviano WS, Mendonca-Filho RR, Alviano DS, et al. : Antimicrobial activity of Croton cajucara Benth linalool-rich essential oil on artificial biofilms and planktonic microorganisms. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 20:101-105, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2004.00201.x
  25. Almas A : Antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica(Neem) and Salvadora persia(Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res, 10:23-26, 1999.
  26. You YO, Kim KJ, Min BM, et al. : Staphylococcus lugdunensis-a potential pathogen in oral infection. Oral Surg Oral Medi Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 88:297-302, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70031-4
  27. Etienne J, Fleurette J, Ninet JF, et al. : Staphylococcal endocarditis after dental extraction. Lancet 2:511-512, 1986.
  28. Dryden M, Dailly S, Crouch M : A randomized, controlled trial of tea tree topical preparations versus a standard topical regimen for the clearance of MRSA colonization. J Hosp Infect, 56:283-286, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2004.01.008
  29. Nayak N, Nag TC, Satpathy G, et al. : Ultras tructural analysis of slime positive & slime negative Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in infectious keratitis. Indian J Med Res, 125:767-771, 2007.
  30. Whiley RA, Beighton D, Winstanley TG, et al. : Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus (the Streptococcus milleri group): association with different body sites and clinical infections. J Clin Microbiol, 30:243-244, 1992.
  31. Sasaki M, Yamaura C, Ohara-Nemoto Y, et al. : Streptococcus anginosus infection in oral cancer and its infection route. Oral Dis, 11:151-156, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01051.x
  32. Shiga K, Tateda M, Saijo S, et al. : Presence of Streptococcus infection in extra-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its implication in carcinogenesis. Oncol Rep, 8:245-248, 2001.
  33. Fine DH, Furgang D, Barnett ML : Comparative antimicrobial activities of antiseptic mouthrinses against isogenic planktonic and biofilm forms of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Periodontol, 28:697-700, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028007697.x
  34. Loesche WJ : Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol, Rev 50:353-380, 1986.
  35. de Soet JJ, Toors FA, de Graaff J : Acidogenesis by oral streptococci at different pH values. Caries Res, 23:14-17, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1159/000261148
  36. Okada M, Soda Y, Hayashi F, et al. : PCR detection of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus in dental plaque samples from Japanese pre-school children. J Med Microbiol, 51:443-447, 2002.
  37. Shapiro S, Meier A, Guggenheim B : The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 9:202-208, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1994.tb00059.x