Korean Journal of Veterinary Research (대한수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지

Acute and subacute toxicity of trichlorfon in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

  • Heo, Gang-Joon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Shin, Gee-Wook (Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University)
  • Accepted : 2009.09.09
  • Published : 2009.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the acute and subacute potential of trichlorfon in guppies (Poecilia reticulatus). We first defined the 24 h median tolerance limit ($TLm_{24h}$) of the fish to trichlorfon. Guppies were then treated with $TLm_{24h}$ and 1/10 $TLm_{24h}$ trichlorfon concentrations to evaluate if any histological alterations occurred. The $TLm_{24h}$ value of trichlorfon was 11 ppm. This concentration resulted in acute toxicity to the gills and kidneys with edema, hyperplasia of the gill lamellae, and vacuolated degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular cells. In the case of subacute toxicity using a 10-fold dilution of the $TLm_{24h}$ value (1.1 ppm), no behavioral changes, external lesions or histopathological changes were observed. Therefore, safe concentration of trichlorfon might be 1.1 ppm in guppy for controlling parasitic infections.

Keywords

References

  1. Au DWT. The application of histo-cytopathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 2004, 48, 817-834 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032
  2. da Veiga ML, de Lara Rodrigues E, Pacheco EJ, Ranzani-Paiva MJT. Histopathologic changes in the kidney tissue of Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836 (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) induced by sublethal concentration of trichlorfon exposure. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2002, 45, 171-175 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132002000200007
  3. de Lara Rodrigues, Ranzani-Paiva MJT, Pacheco FJ, da Veiga ML. Histopathologic lesions in the liver of Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) exposed to a sublethal concentration of the organophosphate insecticide Dipterex 500$\circledR$ (trichlorfon). Acta Sci 2001, 23, 503-505
  4. Dekundy A, Kaminski RM, Turski WA. Dizocilpine improves beneficial effects of cholinergic antagonists in anticholinesterase-treated mice. Toxicol Sci 2003, 72, 289-295 https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfg013
  5. Doudoroff P, Anderson BG, Burdick GE, Galtsoff PS, Hart WB, Patrick R, Strong ER, Surber EW, VanHorn WM. Bioassay methods for the evaluation of acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish. Sewage Ind Waste 1951, 23, 1380-1397
  6. Ferrando MD, Sancho E, Andreu-Moliner E. Comparative acute toxicities of selected pesticides to Anguilla anguilla. J Environ Sci Health B 1991, 26, 491-498 https://doi.org/10.1080/03601239109372751
  7. Flores-Nava A, Vizcarra-Quiroz JJ. Acute toxicity of trichlorfon (Dipterex) to fry of Cichlasoma urophthalmus Gunther. Aquac Res 1988, 19, 341-345 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1988.tb00583.x
  8. Guimaraes AT, Silva de Assis HC, Boeger W. The effect of trichlorfon on acetylcholinesterase activity and histopathology of cultivated fish Oreochromis niloticus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2007, 68, 57-62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.08.005
  9. Harris PD, Cable J. Gyrodactylus poeciliae n. sp. and G. milleri n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Poecilia caucana (Steindachner) in Venezuela. Syst Parasitol 2000, 47, 79-85 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006413804061
  10. Hofer W. Chemistry of metrifonate and dichlorvos. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1981, 49, 7-14
  11. Kim JH, Hayward CJ, Joh SJ, Heo GJ. Parasitic infections in live freshwater tropical fishes imported to Korea. Dis Aquat Organ 2002, 52, 169-173 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao052169
  12. Pena-Llopis S, Ferrando MD, Pena JB. Fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by N-acetylcysteine. Aquat Toxicol 2003, 65, 337-360 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00148-6
  13. Pimenta Leibowitz M, Ariav R, Zilberg D. Environmental and physiological conditions affecting Tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters. J Fish Dis 2005, 28, 539-547 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00658.x
  14. Silva HC, Medina HGS, Fanta E, Bacila M. Sublethal effects of the organophosphate Folidol 600 (Methyl Parathion) on Callichthys callichthys (Pisces, Teleostei). Comp Biochem Physiol C 1993, 105, 197- 201 https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90195-A
  15. Sturm A, da Silva de Assis HC, Hansen PD. Cholinesterases of marine teleost fish: enzymological characterization and potential use in the monitoring of neurotoxic contamination. Mar Environ Res 1999, 47, 389-398 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00127-5
  16. Thilakaratne ID, Rajapaksha G, Hewakopara A, Rajapakse RP, Faizal AC. Parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka. Dis Aquat Organ 2003, 54, 157-162 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao054157
  17. Yoshimura H, Endoh YS. Acute toxicity to freshwater organisms of antiparasitic drugs for veterinary use. Environ Toxicol 2005, 20, 60-66 https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20078