DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quantitative Evaluation of Infectivity Change of Cryptosporidium parvum after Gamma Irradiation

  • Lee, Soo-Ung (Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine) ;
  • Joung, Mi-Kyo (Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine) ;
  • Nam, Tae-Kyoung (Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Woo-Yoon (Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Yu, Jae-Ran (Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine)
  • Published : 2009.03.31

Abstract

Cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known waterborne and opportunistic intracellular protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness. In this study, we quantitatively investigated reduction of the infectivity of C. parvum after gamma irradiation and repair of the infectivity during incubation time after irradiation. C. parvum oocysts were subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses (1, 5, 10, and 25 kGy), and the in vitro infectivity was measured by real-time PCR every day up to 7 days after irradiation. The in vitro infectivity of C. parvum on human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) was effectively reduced (> $2\;{\log}_{10}$) by irradiation at 10kGy or more. However, in the experiment to find out repair of the infectivity, recovery was not noted until day 7 post-incubation.

Keywords

References

  1. O’Donoghue PJ. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. Int J Parasitol 1995; 25: 139-195 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)E0059-V
  2. Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Peterson DE, Kazmierczak JJ, Addiss DG, Fox KR, Rose JB, Davis JP. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994;331: 161-167 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199407213310304
  3. Nichols GL. Food-borne protozoa. Br Med Bull 2000; 56: 209-235 https://doi.org/10.1258/0007142001902905
  4. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 855-859 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199503303321304
  5. Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56: 1423-1428
  6. Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL, Crabb JH, Sterling CR, DuPont HL. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 1275-1281 https://doi.org/10.1086/315033
  7. Gordon JR, McLaren DJ. Immunity to schistosomiasis mansoni in guinea-pigs vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae. I. Humoral responses against skin-stage schistosomula. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 67: 252-261
  8. Lee SH, Park YH, Sohn WM, Hong ST, Chai JY. The effects of gamma irradiation on the survival and development of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae. Korean J Parasitol 1989; 27: 187-195 https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1989.27.3.187
  9. Chai JY, Kim SJ, Kook J, Lee SH. Effects of gamma-irradiation on the survival and development of Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae in rats. Korean J Parasitol 1995; 33: 297-303 https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1995.33.4.297
  10. Dubey JP, Jenkins MC, Thayer DW. Irradiation killing of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996; 43: 123S https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05039.x
  11. Yu JR, Park WY. The effect of gamma-irradiation on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasitol 2003; 89: 639-642 https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0639:TEOIOT]2.0.CO;2
  12. Rochelle PA, Marshall MM, Mead JR, Johnson AM, Korich DG, Rosen JS, De Leon R. Comparison of in vitro cell culture and a mouse assay for measuring infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68: 3809-3817 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.8.3809-3817.2002
  13. Lee SU, Joung M, Ahn MH, Huh S, Song H, Park WY, Yu JR. CP2 gene as a useful viability marker for Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitol Res 2008; 102: 381-387 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0772-8
  14. Yang S, Healey MC. The immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone administered in drinking water to C57BL/6N mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasitol 1993; 79: 626-630 https://doi.org/10.2307/3283395
  15. Petry F, Robinson HA, McDonald V. Murine infection model for maintenance and amplification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1922-1924
  16. Gut J, Petersen C, Nelson R, Leech J. Cryptosporidium parvum: in vitro cultivation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Protozool 1991; 38: 72S-73S
  17. Upton SJ, Tilley M, Brillhart DB. Effects of select medium supplements on in vitro development of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 371-375
  18. Jenkins M, Trout JM, Higgins J, Dorsch M, Veal D, Fayer R. Comparison of tests for viable and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Parasitol Res 2003; 89: 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0001:ROESIN]2.0.CO;2
  19. Fayer R, Trout JM, Jenkins MC. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts stored in water at environmental temperatures. J Parasitol 1998; 84: 1165-1169 https://doi.org/10.2307/3284666
  20. Petry F. Structural analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum. Microsc Microanal 2004; 10: 586-601 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604040929
  21. Singh J, Gill BS. Effect of gamma-irradiation on oocysts of Eimeria necatrix. Parasitology 1975; 71: 117-124 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000053208
  22. Song CC, Yuan XZ, Shen LY, Gan XX, Ding JZ. The effect of cobalt-60 irradiation on the infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 1993; 23: 89-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(93)90101-4
  23. Kato S, Jenkins MB, Ghiorse WC, Bowman DD. Chemical and physical factors affecting the excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J Parasitol 2001; 87: 575-581 https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0575:CAPFAT]2.0.CO;2
  24. Jenkins MC, Trout J, Fayer R. Development and application of an improved semiquantitative technique for detecting low-level Cryptosporidium parvum infections in mouse tissue using polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol 1998; 84: 182-186 https://doi.org/10.2307/3284557
  25. Jenkins M, Higgins J, Kniel K, Trout J, Fayer R. Protection of calves against cryptosporiosis by oral inoculation with gamma-irradiated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J Parasitol 2004; 90: 1178-1180 https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3333RN
  26. Shin GA, Linden KG, Arrowood MJ, Sobsey MD. Low-pressure UV inactivation and DNA repair potential of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67: 3029-3032 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.3029-3032.2001

Cited by

  1. Effect of Infrared Irradiation of Oocysts on the Pathology of Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Apparently Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice vol.5, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2010.177.182
  2. Ultrastructural Changes in Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Gamma Irradiation vol.49, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.25