Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Activity of Essential Oils Against Bacillus subtilis Spores

  • Lawrence, Hayley A. (Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology) ;
  • Palombo, Enzo A. (Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology)
  • Published : 2009.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. Attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. In this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were exposed to 13 essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. Cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the most effective, reducing the number of viable spores by 3 logs at concentrations above 1%. Sporicidal activity was enhanced at high temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$) or longer exposure times (up to 1 week). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the components of the active essential oils. However, none of the major oil components exhibited equivalent activity to the whole oils. The fact that oil components, either alone or in combination, did not show the same level of sporicidal activity as the complete oils suggested that minor components may be involved, or that these act synergistically with major components. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine spores after exposure to essential oils and suggested that leakage of spore contents was the likely mode of sporicidal action. Our data have shown that essential oils exert sporicidal activity and may be useful in applications where bacterial spore reduction is desired.

Keywords

References

  1. Acosta-Gio, A. E., J. L. Rueda-Patin, and L. Sanchez-Perez. 2005. Sporicidal activity in liquid chemical products to sterilize or high-level disinfect medical and dental instruments. Am. J. Infect. Cont. 33: 307-309 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2004.10.005
  2. Awakowicz, P. and A. von Keudell. 2006. BIODECON: Plasma decontamination in medical technology. Plasma Process Polym. 3: 75-76 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200500166
  3. Bakkali, F., S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck, and M. Idaomar. 2008. Biological effects of essential oil - A review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46: 446-475 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
  4. Burt, S. 2003. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - A review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 94: 223-253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022
  5. Celandroni, F., I. Longo, N. Tosoratti, F. Giannessi, E. Ghelardo, S. Salvetti, A. Baggiani, and S. Senesi. 2004. Effect of microwave radiation on Bacillus subtilis spores. J. Appl. Microbiol. 97: 1220-1227 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02406.x
  6. Ceylan, E. and D. Y. C. Fung. 2004. Antimicrobial activity of spices. J. Rapid Meth. Aut. Microbiol. 12: 1-55 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00046.x
  7. Cho, W.-I., J.-B. Choi, K. Lee, S. C. Cho, E.-J. Park, M.-S. Chung, and Y.-R. Pyun. 2007. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against Bacillus subtilis spore. Food Sci. Biotech. 16: 1072-1077
  8. Cho, W.-I., J.-B. Choi, K. Lee, M.-S. Chung, and Y.-R. Pyun. 2008. Antimicrobial activity of torilin isolated from Torilis japonica fruit against Bacillus subtilis. J. Food Sci. 73: 37-46 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00639.x
  9. Cortezzo, D. E., B. Setlow, and P. Setlow. 2004. Analysis of the action of compounds that inhibit the germination of spores of Bacillus species. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96: 725-741 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02196.x
  10. Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12: 564-582
  11. Cox, S. D., C. M. Mann, J. L. Markham, J. E. Gustafson, J. R. Warmington, and S. G. Wyllie. 2001. Determining the antimicrobial actions of tea tree oil. Molecules 6: 87-91 https://doi.org/10.3390/60100087
  12. Dorman, H. J. D. and S. G. Deans. 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88: 308-316 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x
  13. Hara-Kudo, Y., A. Yamasaki, M. Sasaki, T. Okubo, Y. Minai, M. Haga, K. Kondo, and Y. Sugita-Konishi. 2005. Antibacterial action on pathogenic bacterial spore by green tea catechins. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85: 2354-2361 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2259
  14. Hernandez-Herrero, L. A., M. J. Giner, and M. Valero. 2008. Effective chemical control of psychotrophic Bacillus cereus EPSO-35AS and INRA TZ415 spore outgrowth in carrot broth. Food Microbiol. 25: 714-721 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.02.004
  15. Kalemba, D. and A. Kunicka. 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Curr. Med. Chem. 10: 813-829 https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457719
  16. Kida, N., Y. Mochizucki, and F. Taguchi. 2003. An effective sporicidal reagent against Bacillus subtilis spores. Microbiol. Immunol. 47: 279-283
  17. Messager, S., K. A. Hammer, C. F. Carson, and T. V. Riley. 2006. Sporicidal activity of tea tree oil. Aust. Infect. Cont. 11: 112-121 https://doi.org/10.1071/HI06112
  18. Perez, J., V. S. Springthorpe, and S. A. Sattar. 2005. Activity of selected oxidizing microbicides against the spores of Clostridium difficile: Relevance to environmental control. Am. J. Infect. Control 33: 320-325 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.240
  19. Periago, P. M., R. Conesa, B. Delago, P. S. Fernandez, and A. Palop. 2006. Bacillus magaterium spore germination and growth inhibition by a treatment combining heat with natural antimicrobials. Food Technol. Biotech. 44: 17-23
  20. Risenman, P. J. and W. L. Nicholson. 2000. Role of the spore coat layers in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide, artificial UV-C, UV-B, and solar UV radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 620-626 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.2.620-626.2000
  21. Russell, A. D. 1990. Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 3: 99-119
  22. Sagripanto, J.-L. and A. Bonifacino. 1996. Comparative sporicidal effects of liquid chemical agents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 545-551
  23. Sakanaka, S., L. R. Juneja, and M. Taniguchi. 2000. Antimicrobial effects of green tea polyphenols on thermophilic spore-forming bacteria. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 9: 81-85 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(00)80038-9
  24. Setlow, P. 2006. Spores of Bacillus subtilis: Their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101: 514-525 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x
  25. Valero, M. and M. J. Giner. 2006. Effects of antimicrobial components of essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus INRA L2104 in and the sensory qualities of carrot broth. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 106: 90-94 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.011
  26. Young, S. B. and P. Setlow. 2003. Mechanism of killing Bacillus subtilis spores by hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95: 54-67 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01960.x

Cited by

  1. Survey of the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Essential Oil ProductsIn Vitro vol.17, pp.9, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0508
  2. The Antimicrobial Properties of Cedar Leaf ( Thuja plicata ) Oil; A Safe and Efficient Decontamination Agent for Buildings vol.8, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8124477
  3. A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review. vol.27, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2082
  4. Antiradical Efficiency of Essential Oils from Plant Seeds Obtained by Supercritical CO2, Soxhlet Extraction, and Hydrodistillation vol.48, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2012.690810
  5. The Effect of Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Herbal Remedy PADMA 28 on Immunological Angiogenesis and Granulocytes Activity in Mice vol.2013, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/853475
  6. Anti‐biofilm and sporicidal activity of peptides based on wheat puroindoline and barley hordoindoline proteins vol.22, pp.7, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.2895
  7. Optimized Culture Conditions for the Detection of Selected Strains of Bacillus in Eye Creams vol.4, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics4040056
  8. Antibacterial and Sporicidal Activities of Methanolic Sygygium polyanthum L. Leaf Extract against Vegetative Cells and Spores of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus megaterium vol.12, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.12.3.02
  9. Effects of natural products on several stages of the spore cycle of Clostridium difficile in vitro vol.125, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13889
  10. Inhibition of bacterial human pathogens on tomato skin surfaces using eugenol‐loaded surfactant micelles during refrigerated and abuse storage vol.39, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12598
  11. Antibacterial and Antispore Activities of Isolated Compounds from Piper cubeba L. vol.24, pp.17, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173095
  12. Enhancement of β-cyclodextrin Production and Fabrication of Edible Antimicrobial Films Incorporated with Clove Essential Oil/β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex vol.48, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1909.09016
  13. Spicing up gastrointestinal health with dietary essential oils vol.19, pp.2, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09664-x
  14. Antimicrobial Spectrum of Titroleane™: A New Potent Anti-Infective Agent vol.9, pp.7, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070391
  15. Effect of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Viability, Sub-Lethal Injury, and Release of Cellular Components from Bacillus clausii and Bacillus coagulans Spores and Cells vol.9, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9121814
  16. Efficient reduction in vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis by essential oil components‐coated silica filtering materials vol.86, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15748