Comparison of Biochemical Profiles with Biogroups for the Identification of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii)

  • Kim, Jung-Beom (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Park, Yong-Bae (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Kim, Woon-Ho (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Cheol (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Jeong, Hong-Rae (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Hwan (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Kang, Suk-Ho (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Yong, Kum-Chan (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Yoon, Mi-Hye (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Park, Yong-Chul (Division of Health Research & Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health & Environment)
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to compare the biochemical profiles with biogroups for the identification of Cronobacter spp. (formally known as Enterobacter sakazakii) isolates using biochemical identification kits. A total of 38 Cronobacter spp. contained 5 clinical, 31 food, and 2 environmental isolates were used. All isolates were identified as Cronobacter spp. with the Vitek II system and ID 32E kit. The API 20E kit identified all isolates as Cronobacter spp. but the percentage identification was 51.1% for 16 of 38 isolates. These strains were contained to Biogroup 2, 9, 10, and 11. The utilization of inositol is a factor determining the percentage identification of Cronobacter spp. with the API 20E kit.

Keywords

References

  1. Farmer III J. J., Asbury M. A., Hickman F. W., Don J. Brenner and The Enterobacteriaceae study group: Enterobacter sakazakii: A new species of 'Enterobacteriaceae' isolation from clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 2, 569-584 (1980) https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-30-3-569
  2. Lehner A. and Stephan R.: Microbiological, epidemical, and food safety aspects of Enterobacter sakazakii. J. Food Prot., 67, 2850-2857 (2004)
  3. Van Acker J., De Smet F., Muyldermans G., Bougatef A., Naessens A., and Lauwers S.: Outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk formula. J. Clin. Microbiol., 39, 293-297 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.1.293-297.2001
  4. Biering G, Karlsson S, Clark NC, Jonsdottir KE, Ludvigsson P, and Steingrimsson O.: Three cases of neonatal meningitis caused by Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk. J. Clin. Microbiol., 27, 2054-2056 (1989)
  5. Korea Food and Drug Administration: KFDA. Food Code, Seoul, p. 10-8-43 (2008)
  6. US Food and Drug Administration: Isolation and enumeration of Enterobacter sakazakii from dehydrated powdered infant formula, (2002). Available at:http: //www.cfsan.fda.gov/comm/mmesakaz.html
  7. Gurtler, J.B., L. Kornacki, and L. R. Beuchat: Enterobacter sakazakii: a coliform of increased concern to infant health. Int. J. Food Microbio., 104, 1-34 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.02.013
  8. Iversen C., Waddington M., Stephen L. W. On, and Forsythe S.: Identification and phylogeny of Enterobacter sakazakii relative to Enterobacter and Citrobacter species. J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 5368-5370 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.11.5368-5370.2004
  9. Iversen, C., M., Waddington, S. J. Farmer III, and S. J. Forsythe.: The biochemical differentiation of Enterobacter sakazakii genotypes. BMC Microbiol., 6, 94-100 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-6-94
  10. Iversen C., Lehner A., Mullane N., Bidlas E., Cleenwerck I., Marugg J., Fanning S. Stephan R., and Joosten H.: The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. Malonaticus subsp. Nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies I. BMC Evolutionary Biology., 7, 64-74 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-64
  11. Iversen C., Mullane N., McCardell B., Tall B. D., Bidlas E., Lehner A., Fanning S. Stephan R., and Joosten H.: Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter Malonaticus sp. Nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies I, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58, 1442-1447 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0
  12. Iversen Carol, Druggan Patrick, and Forsythe Stephen: A selective differential medium for Enterobacter sakazakii, a preliminary study. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 96, 133-139 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.024
  13. Nade’ge Fanjat, Alexandre Leclercq, Han Joosten, and Denis Robichon: Comparision of the phenotyping methods ID 32E and Vitek 2 compact GN with 16S rRNA gene sequenceing for the identification of Enterobacter sakazakii. J. Clin. Microbiol., 45, 2048-2050 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00961-06
  14. Drudy D., Michele O’Rourke, Mary Murphy, Niall R Mullane, Rebecca O’Mahony, Lorraine Kelly, Matthias Fischer, Suhad Sanjaq, Pauline Shannon, Patrick Wall, Micheal O’Mahony, Paul Whyte, and Seamus Fanning: Characterization of a collection of Enterobacter sakazakii isolates from environmental and food sources. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 110, 127-134 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.02.008