Effect of Mashed Red Pepper Admixed with Various Freezing Point Depression Agents on the Quality Characteristics of kimchi

빙점 강하제를 첨가한 다진 홍고추가 김치 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2009.12.30

Abstract

We investigated the use of mashed red pepper in the manufacture of kimchi using various freezing point depression agents (glucose, pectin, ascorbic acid or NaCl). In sensory evaluation results, overall acceptance seemed to be highly related to NaCl content. Kimchi was prepared using mashed red pepper with different levels of NaCl (3, 5, and 10% w/w), and quality characteristics were investigated during storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Salt concentrations of kimchi prepared with addition of 3, 5, or 10% NaCl, and control kimchi, were 2.28, 2.47, 3.10 and 1.92%, respectively. pH values varied significantly among treatments but acidity levels did not differ significantly except during the early stages of production. With increasing NaCl addition, the acidity of kimchi was lower than that of control samples during later fermentation periods. At day 20, the reducing sugar level in control kimchi had decreased by 70% whereas NaCl treatment caused decreases of 45 - 55%. The vitamin C contents of kimchi prepared with addition of NaCl (125.88-145.23 mg/100 g) were higher than that of control (37.22 mg/100 g). In sensory evaluation tests, appearance and texture did not differ significantly with treatment or fermentation period. When taste and overall acceptance were scored, kimchi prepared with the addition of 3% NaCl attained the highest marks throughout the entire fermentation period.

본 연구는 빙점 강하제를 첨가한 다진 홍고추의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 김치에 첨가하여 특성변화를 살펴보았다. 빙점강하제로는 NaCl, glucose, pectin, ascorbic acid를 사용하였으며 비율을 달리하여 다진 홍고추에 첨가한 후 김치를 제조하여 관능평가를 한 결과 관능에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 NaCl 함량임을 확인하였다. 이에 glucose, pectin, ascorbic acid 함량은 각각 5%, 1% 및 0.5%로 정하였으며 NaCl 함량을 3, 5 및 10%로 달리하였다. 그 결과 대조구와 3, 5, 10% NaCl 첨가한 처리구의 염도는 각각 1.92, 2.28, 2.47 및 3.10%로 NaCl 첨가에 의한 차이를 나타내었다. pH는 시료들 간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 산도는 제조직후를 제외하고 NaCl 함량이 높을수록 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 환원당은 저장 20일째 대조구의 경우 70% 수준 감소한 반면 NaCl 첨가구는 45~55% 감소하여 NaCl 함량이 높을수록 환원당 함량의 감소률이 적었다. 초기 vitamin C의 함량은 대조구는 37.22 mg%였으며 ascorbic acid를 첨가한 처리구들은 125.88-145.23 mg%로 2배 이상 차이를 보였으며 NaCl 첨가구의 감소율이 대조구에 비해 적었다. 젖산균수도 NaCl 함량이 높을수록 적은 경향을 보였다. 관능평가 결과 외관, 조직감은 숙성 20일째까지 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 맛과 전반적인 기호도는 숙성기간동안 3% NaCl 처리구를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hwang, S.Y., Park, S.H., Kang, G.O., Lee, H.J and Bok, J.H.(2005) The physico-chemical changes and sensory characteristics of kimchi added with the mashed red pepper. Korean J. Food Culture, 2, 221-231
  2. Lee, H.E., Lim, C.I. and Do, K.R.(2007) Changes of characteristics in red pepper by various freezing and thawing methods. Korean J. Food Preserv., 14, 227-232
  3. Jeong, J.W., Jeong S.W. and Park K.J.(2003) Changes in internal pressure of frozen fruits by freezing methods. Korean J. food Preserv., 4, 459-465
  4. Cheigh, H.S. and Hwang, J.H.(2000) Antioxidative characteristics of kimchi. Food Indust. Nutr., 5, 52-56
  5. Hwang, G.H., Yoo, Y.K., Chung, D.L., Cho, N.C., and Jung, L.H.(2000) Effects of sensory acceptability for kimchi prepared with different conditions of fermented seafood and red pepper. Korean J. Food Nutr., 13, 201-212
  6. Hwang, H.Y., Park, S.H., Kang, G.O., Lee, H.J. and Bok J.H.(2005) The physico-chemical changes and sensory characteristics of kimchi added with the mashed red pepper. Korean J. Food Culture 20, 221-231
  7. AOAC. (1980) Official Methods of Analysis. 13th ed., Association of Official analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA
  8. Miller, G.L.(1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid regent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31,426-428 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
  9. Korean Food and Drug Administration Food standards Codex. (2001) Korean Foods Industry Association, Seoul, Korea. pp.827-828
  10. Sung, J.M., Lim, J.H., Park, K.J. and Jeong, J.W.(2008) Effects of semi-dried red pepper with a different seed ratio on the quality of kimchi. Korean J. Food Preserv., 15, 427-436
  11. Kim, M.H., Kim, S.D. and Kim, K.S.(2000) Effect of salting conditions on the fenmentation and quality of Dandelon(Taraxacum platycarpum D.) kimchi. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 32, 1142-1148
  12. Ku, Y.S., Kim, M.K., Kim, M.J. and Kim, S.D.(1997) Quality of kimchi fermented with various salt concentration. J. Food Scl. Technol. CUTH., 9, 65-69
  13. Park, S.H. and Lee, J.H.(2005) The correlation of physico-chemical characteristics of kimchi with sourness and overall acceptability. Korean J. Food Cookery Sci. 21, 103-105
  14. Lee, G.C. and han, J.A.(1998) Changes in the contetns of total vitamin C and reducing sugar of starchy pastes added kimchi during fermentation. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 14, 201-206
  15. Kim, D.K., Kim, S.Y., Lee, J.K. and Noh, B.S.(2000)Effects of xylose and xyloitol on the organic acid fermentation of kimchi. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 4, 889-895
  16. Park, D.C., Kim, E.M., Kim, Y.M and Kim, S.B.(2003)The contents of organic acids, nucleotides and their related compounds in kimchi prepared with salted-fermented fish products and their alternatives. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 35, 769-776
  17. Yoo, M.J., Kim, H.R. and Chung, H.J.(2001) Changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties in low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi during fermentation. Korean J. Dietary Culture, 16, 431-441
  18. Park, I.K., Kim, S.H. and Kim, S.D.(1996) Effects of organic acids addition during salting on the fermentation of kimchi. 2, 195-204
  19. Park, W.P. and Kim, J.W.(1991) The effect of salt concentration on kimchi fermentation. J. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc., 34, 295-297
  20. Kim, S.A.(2002) Pigment compositions of Korean red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) and pigment stability under drying and storage conditions. Doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
  21. Ku, K.H., Cho, J.S., Park, W.S. and Nam, Y.J.(1999) Effects of sorbitol and sugar sources on the fermentation and sensory properties of beachu kimchi. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 3, 794-801