The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science (농약과학회지)

The Korean Society of Pesticide Science (한국농약과학회)
권호 표지

An Extrapolation from Crop Classifications Based on Pesticide Residues Trial Data within Vegetables in Minor Crops

소면적 재배작물의 농약 잔류성 시험 후 작물 그룹화를 통한 외삽적용

  • Park, Jong-Hyouk (Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Mamun, M.I.R. (Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka) ;
  • El-Aty, A.M.Abd (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University) ;
  • Choi, Jeong-Heui (Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Im, Geon-Jae (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Chang-Hwan (Department of Oriental Medical Food and Nutrition, Semyung University) ;
  • Shim, Jae-Han (Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University)
  • 박종혁 (전남대학교 응용생물공학부) ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • 최정희 (전남대학교 응용생물공학부) ;
  • 임건재 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 오창환 (세명대학교 한방식품영양학부) ;
  • 심재한 (전남대학교 응용생물공학부)
  • Published : 2009.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An extrapolation of residue data of seven commonly used pesticides namely bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate and procymidone on a total of 22 minor crops has been carried out in an experimental field trial. The pesticides were applied to 11 leafy-, 5 root- and 6 stem-crops grown in the experimental green-house and the crops and plants were randomly collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after application. The average recoveries of applied pesticides were ranged from 72.0 to 117.0% in leafy crops, from 81.3 to 105.0% in stem crops and from 70.1 to 108.1% in the root-crops. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.005-0.1 mg/kg in the leafy crops and 0.001-0.005 mg/kg in both the stem & root crops. Based on the results of residual dissipation pattern and their morphology, all crops were classified into high and low residual groups. The results showed that it might be possible to extrapolate residual data of stem-crops to root-crops within the same group. Crops that have currently no registered pesticide for use, would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for the similar crops.

Bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate 및 procymidone 등 7종의 농약에 대한 잔류시험을 통해 외삽적용을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 실험을 위해 소면적 재배작물 중 잔류농약 부적합 사례가 많은 작물을 중심으로 11종의 엽채류, 5종의 근채류, 그리고 6종의 경채류를 포함한 총 22종의 작물을 선정하여 재배한 후 7종의 농약을 각각 처리하여 24시간 경과 시점을 1일로 하여 1, 3, 5, 7 일차에 수확하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 회수율은 엽채류는 $72.0{\sim}117.0%$, 경채류는 $81.3{\sim}105.0%$, 그리고 근채류는 $70.1{\sim}108.1%$ 수준이었고 검출한계는 엽채류는 0.005-0.1 mg/kg, 경채류와 근채류는 0.001-0.005mg/kg 수준이었다. 농약의 감소경향과 작물의 표면 형태학적 차이에 의한 농약 잔류특성을 파악 비교하여 선정된 작물을 고잔류군과 저잔류군으로 그룹화하였고 이 내용을 바탕으로 대상 농약들에 대하여 경채류 및 근채류 작물을 대상으로 농약데이터의 외삽을 통한 안전사용기준 및 MRL의 설정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Albanis, T. A., Hela, D. G., Sakellarides, T. M., Konstantinou, I. K. Monitoring of pesticide residues and their metabolites in surface and underground waters of Imathia (N. Greece) by means of solid-phase extraction disks and gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 823, 59-71 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00304-5
  2. Albero, B., Sanchez-Brunete, C., Tadeo, J. L. Multiresidue determination of pesticides in juice by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2005, 66, 917-924 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.12.046
  3. Bernal, J. L., Nozal, M. J., $Jime'nez^a$, J. J., Rivera, J. M. Matrix effects in the determination of acaricides and fungicides in must by gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr. A 1997, 778, 111-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00214-8
  4. Bates, R. Two established classifications with practical uses in the regulation of pesticides. Pesticide Outlook 2003, 14, 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/b300671a
  5. Bavcon, M., Trebse, P., Zupancic-Kralj, L. Investigations of the determination and transformations of diazinon and malathion under environmental conditions using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. Chemosphere 2003, 50, 595-601 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00643-4
  6. Chang, J. M., Chen, T. H., Fang, T. J. Pesticide residue monitoring in marketed fresh vegetables and fruits in Central Taiwan (1999-2004) and an introduction to the HACCP system, J Food and Drug Analysis 2005, 13(4), 368-376
  7. Chen, S. F., Su Y. S., Jen J. F. Determination of aqueous chlorothalonil with solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography. J. of Chromatogr. A 2000, 896, 105-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00675-0
  8. Chun, O. K., Kang, H. G., Kim, M. H. Multiresidue Method for the Determination of Pesticides in Korean Domestic Crops by Gas Chromatography/Mass Selective Detection, J. AOAC International 2003, 86, 823-831
  9. Colume, A, cardenas, S., Gallego M., Valcarcel, M. Semiautomatic multiresidue gas chromatographic method for the screening of vegetables for 25 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides, Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 436, 153-162 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00901-1
  10. Correia M., Delerue-Matos, C., Alves, A, Multi-residue methodology for pesticide screening in wines, J Chromatogr. A 2000, 889, 59-67 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00393-9
  11. Dorschner K. W. The Interregional Research Project No.4 (IR-4) and IPM, Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook, University of Minnesota. http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/dorsch.htm
  12. EU Report: Monitoring for Pesticide Residues in the European Union and Norway-Report 1996, Final version: September 1998. http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/specialreports/pesticide_residues/report _1996_ en.pdf
  13. Ghidiu, G. M., Neary P. E. An Extension Perspective of the Minor Use Crops Pesticide Problem in Vegetable Production, J Extension 1994, 32(1). http://www.joe.org/joe/1994june/a5.htrnl
  14. Jarvis, P. Pesticides for Minor Crops: Market opportunities from product withdrawals. PJB Publications Ltd. 2003
  15. Jongenotter, G. A., Kerkhoff M. A. T., Knaap, H. C. M., Vandeginste, B. G. M. Automated on-line GPC-GC-FPD involving co-solvent trapping and the on-column interface for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in olive oils. J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 1999,22(1),17-23 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19990101)22:1<17::AID-JHRC17>3.0.CO;2-7
  16. Khay S., Abd El-Aty, A. M., Lim K. T., Shim J. H. Residues of Diazinon in Growing Chinese cabbage: A study Under Greenhouse Conditions. Korean J Environ. Agric. 2006, 25(2), 174-179 https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2006.25.2.174
  17. Korea Food Code. Published by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) , Supplement, 2005, Page 263
  18. Li Y., Kim M. R., Lee K. B., Kim I. S., Shim J. H. Determination of procymidone residues in ginseng by GC-ECD and GC-MS equipped with a solvent-free solid injector. Food Control 2007, 18, 364-368 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.11.001
  19. Musshoff F., Junker H., Madea B. Simple determination of 22 organophosphorous pesticides in human blood using Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatographic Sci. 2002, 40(1), 29-34 https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/40.1.29
  20. Navarro S., Barba, A, Navarro, G., Vela, N., Oliva, J. Multiresidue method for the rapid determination - in grape, must and wine - of fungicides frequently used on vineyards. J. Chromatogr A 2000, 882, 221-229 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00337-X
  21. NRA Information Sheet, January 2000; 'NRA's Residue Guideline No. 24 Crop Residue Trials, Guidelines for Registering Agricultural Chemicals, 1997', http://www.affa.gov.au/nra/ publications
  22. Nunes M. J., Camoes, M. F., Fournier, J. Analysis of organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides in medicinal plants, Chromatographia 1997, 44, 505-513 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02466744
  23. Obana H., Akutsu, K., Okihashi, M., Hori, S. Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in vegetables and fruits using two-layered column with graphitized carbon and water absorbent polymer, Analyst 2001,126, 1529-1534 https://doi.org/10.1039/b103785b
  24. Oh, B. Y. Pesticide residues for food safety and environment protection. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Tecnology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, 2001, Korea. http://www.agnet.org/library/data/eb/eb495/eb495.pdf
  25. Oliva J., Barba, A., Vela, N., Melendreras, F., Navarro S. Multiresidue method for the rapid determination of organophosphorus insecticides in grapes, must and wine. J Chromatogr. A 2000, 882, 213-220 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00216-8
  26. Perry, S. IR-4 Champions minor use pest control registrations in the United States. Pesticide Outlook 2002, 13(5), 185-188 https://doi.org/10.1039/b209413b
  27. Pose-Juan, E., Cancho-Grande, B., Rial-Otero, R., Simal-Gandara, J. The dissipation rates of cyprodinil, fludioxonil, procymidone and vinclozoline during storage of grape juice. Food Control 2006, 17, 1012-1017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.07.009
  28. Reynolds, S. L., Fussel, R. J., Macarthur, R. Investigation into the validity of extrapolation in setting maximum residue levels for pesticides in crops of similar morphology. Food Additives and Contaminations 2005, 22(1), 31-38
  29. Sanchez-Brunete c., Miguel, E., Tadeo, J. L. Multiresidue analysis of fungicides in soil by sonication-assisted extraction in small columns and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr. A 2002, 976, 319-327 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00947-0
  30. Sannino A, Bandini, M., Bolzoni, L. Determination of Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Processed Fruits and Vegetables by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture and Mass Spectrometric Detection. J. AOAC International 2003, 86(1), 101-108
  31. Senft Dennis, IR-4 projects protect 'minor' crops - Agricultural Research Service's Interregional Research Project No. 4 - includes related article on National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program and a brief history - Cover Story. Agricultural Research. Oct 1996. http://fmdarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3741/is_n10_v44/ai_18989633
  32. Stan, H. J. Pesticide residue analysis in foodstuffs applying capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection State-of-the-art use of modified DFG-multimethod S19 and automated data evaluation. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 892, 347-377 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00308-3
  33. Working Document-Guidelines on comparability, extrapolation, group tolerances and data requirements for setting MRLs. Doc. 7525/VI/95-rev. 7, 1216/2001, Commission of the European Communities
  34. Zapf, A., Heyer, R., Stan, H. J. Rapid micro liquid-liquid extraction method for trace analysis of organic contaminants in drinking water. J Chromatography A 1995, 694, 453-461 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)01199-O