Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Raspberry Wines from Different Regions During Fermentation

국내 복분자 주요 산지별 복분자주 제조 및 발효특성 분석

  • Lee, Seung-Joo (Department of Food Service Management, Sejong University) ;
  • Ahn, Bo-Mi (Traditional Food Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 이승주 (세종대학교 외식경영학과) ;
  • 안봄이 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단)
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

In this study, four Korean black raspberry wines were developed using raspberries from different regions in Korea; Gochang (G), Hoengseong (H), Jeongeup (J), Sunchang (S). Sample wines were monitored for titratable acidity, ethanol, pH, reducing sugar content, color intensity, hue, total phenolic content, and organic acids during alcoholic fermentation and aging. After fermentation was complete, the pH levels in the four wines were in a similar range (3.43-3.52), while total acidity levels ranged from 9.98 to 16.2 g/L, which were significantly different among the four wines. During 120 days of aging, the ethanol content ranged from 15.8 to 16.40% which corresponds to a good conversion rate of sugars. Among the four samples tested, the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed the highest levels of total phenolic content, and other color values such as hue and intensity. The predominant organic acids were citric acids (3.30-4.89 mg/mL) and succinic acids (1.92-3.48 mg/mL). Overall the wine made with Jeongeup raspberries showed differences in physico-chemical compositions compared to the other wines made with Gochang, Hoengseong, and Sunchang raspberries, respectively.

국내 복분자 생산 주요 산지인 고창, 순창, 정읍과 횡성산 복분자를 수거하여 각 산지별 복분자주를 제조하고 이들 시료의 발효 및 숙성과정에서 이화학적 성분 변화를 관찰하였다. 원료 복분자의 pH는 3.43-3.52 수준으로 산지별 차이가 없었고 발효과정 중에도 pH는 산지별 비슷한 수치를 보이며 변화하였다. 총산도는 고창산 복분자주가 발효초기(9.98 g/L)와 발효 후(13.43 g/L) 모두 다른 산지의 복분자에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 원료 복분자의 초기 당도는 $6.9-7.8^{\circ}Bx$로 비슷하였고, 발효 후 복분자주의 알코올 함량은 15.8-16.4% 범위였다. 환원당 함량은 원료복분자의 경우 2.57-4.49 g/100 mL이었고, 복분자주의 발효가 진행됨에 따라 당이 알코올로 발효되면서 감소하여 최종 1.3-1.47 g/100 mL로 나타났다. 산지별 차이를 많이 보인 이화학적 특성으로는 총 페놀함량과 색도, hue, intensity를 들 수 있다. 총 페놀함량은 정읍산 복분자주(4405.5 mg/L)가 다른 지역산 시료에 비해 2배 정도 높은 수준을 나타내었고, 색도 또한 정읍산이 원료 복분자와 최종 복분자주에서 모두 다른 시료에 비해 낮게 나타나 가장 짙고 불투명한 붉은색을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 고창, 횡성, 순창산 복분자주는 유사한 수준을 나타내었고, 정읍 제품은 차이를 보였다. 향후 복분자주에 대한 품질 관리 및 개선을 위해 연도별 및 지역별 복분자 및 복분자주의 다양한 이화학적 및 생물학적 특성에 대한 데이터베이스화 작업이 필요하리라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi HS, Kim MK, Park HS, Kim YS, Shin DH. Alcoholic fermentation of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 38: 543-547 (2006)
  2. Korea alcohol Liquor Industry Association. Alcohol Beverage News 3: 11 (2001)
  3. Ahn YH, Kim YH. Distribution and ecological characteristics of native Rubus coreanus in Korea. Korean J. Env. Eco. 21: 176-185 (2007)
  4. Lee MK, lee HS, Choi GP, Oh DH, Kim JD, Yu CY, Lee HY. Screening of biological activities of the extracts from Rubus coreanum Miq. Korea L. Med. Crop Sci. 11:5-12 (2003)
  5. Chung TH, Kim JC, Lee CY, Moon MK, Chae SC, Lee IS, Kim SH, Hahn KS, Lee IP. Potential antiviral effects of Terminalis chebula, Sanguisorba officinalis, Rubus coreanus, and Rheum palmatum against duck hepatitas B virus (DHBV). Phytother. Res. 11:179-182 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199705)11:3<179::AID-PTR50>3.0.CO;2-F
  6. Shin TY, Kim SH, Lee ES, Eom DO, Kim HM. Action of Rubus coreanus extract on systemic and local anaphylaxis. Phytother. Res. 16:508-513 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.925
  7. Cha HS, Park MS, Park KM. Physiological activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33: 409-415 (2006)
  8. Yoon I, Cho JY, Kook JH, Wee JH, Jang MY, Ahn TH, Park KH. Identification and activity of antioxidative compounds from Rubus coreanus fruit. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 898-904 (2002)
  9. Choi HS. Kim MK, Park HS, Shin DH. Changes in physicochemical characteristics of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) wine during fermentation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 37: 574-578 (2005)
  10. Moon YJ, Lee MS, Sung CK. Contents of amino acids in raspberry wine using active dry yeast strains. Korean J. Food Nutr. 19: 392-397 (2006)
  11. Moon YJ, Lee MS, Sung CK. Physicochemical properties of raspberry wine using active dry yeast strains. Korean J. Food Nutr. 18: 302-308 (2005)
  12. AOAC. Official Method of Analysis of AOAC Intl. 16th ed. Method 991.43. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Arlington, VA, USA (1995)
  13. Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31: 426-428 (1959) https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
  14. Che SK, Kang KS, Ma SJ, Bang KU, Oh MH. Standard Food Analysis. Ji-gu Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. pp. 45-52 (2000)
  15. Ough, CS, Amerine MA. Methods for Analysis of Musts and Wines 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA. pp. 85-93 (1988)
  16. Zoecklein BW, Fugelsang KC, Gump BH, Nury FS. Production Wine Analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA. pp. 129-168 (1990)
  17. Bruce WZ, Kenneth CF, Barry HG, Fred SN. Wine Analysis and Production. Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, USA. pp. 447-449 (1995)
  18. Cha HS, Youn AR, Park PJ, Choi HR, Kim BS. Physicochemical characteristics of Rubus coreanus Mique during maturation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 39: 476-479 (2007)
  19. Lee JE, Shin YS, Sim JK, Kim SS, Koh KH. Study on the color characteristics of Korean red wines. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 164-169 (2002)
  20. Kim JS, Kim SH. Han JS, Yoon BT, Yook C. Effects of sugar and yeast addition on red wine fermentation using Campbell Early. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31: 516-521 (1999)
  21. NTSTS Institute. Textbook of alcoholic beverage-making. National Tax Service Technical Service Institute. Seoul, Korea. pp. 135-136 (1997)
  22. Lee JE, Won YD, Kim SS, Koh KH. The chemical characteristics of Korean red wine with different grape varieties. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 151-156 (2002)
  23. Lee SJ, Lee JE, Km SS. Development of Korean Red Wines Using Various Grape Varieties and Preference Measurement. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36: 911-918 (2004)
  24. Boulton RB, Singleton VL, Bisson LF, Kunkee RE. Principles and Practices of Wine Making. Aspen Publishers, Inc., Gaithersburg, ML. USA. pp. 174-185 (1996)
  25. Park WM, Park HG, Rhee SJ, Lee CH, Yoon KE. Suitability of domestic grape, cultivar Campbell's Early for production of red wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 590-596 (2002)