Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (대한악안면성형재건외과학회)
권호 표지

EXPRESSION OF PLACENTA GROWTH FACTOR IN THE ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

구강 편평세포암종에서 태반성장인자의 발현

  • Lee, Sang-Gu (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Chul-Hwan (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University)
  • 이상구 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 김철환 (단국대학교 치과대학 구강악안면외과학교실)
  • Published : 2009.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Angiogenesis is essential for solid tumor growth and progression. Among the pro-angiogenetic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is the most important as a mitogen for vascular endothelium. The VEGF family of molecules currently consists of six growth factors, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, and placenta growth factor(PlGF). Over-expression of PlGF is associated with angiogenesis under pathological conditions such as ischemia, inflammation, and cancer. Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the correlation of clinicopathlogical factors and the up-regulation of PlGF expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We studied the immunohistochemical staining of PlGF, PlGF gene expression and a real time quantitative RT-PCR in 20 specimens of 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The results were as follows. 1. In the immunohistochemical study of poorly differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, the high level staining of PlGF was observed. And the correlation between immunohistopathological PlGF expression and histological differentiation of specimens was significant (Pearson correlation analysis, significance [r] >0.6, P < .05). 2. In the PlGF gene RT-PCR analysis, PlGF expression was more in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. Paired-samples analysis determined the difference of PlGF mRNA expression level between the cancer tissue and the normal tissue (Student's t - test, P < .05) These findings suggest that up-regulation of the PlGF gene may play a role in progression and local metastasis in invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Keywords

References

  1. Folkman J : Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med 1: 27-31, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0195-27
  2. Ferrara N, Leung DW, Cachianes G: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted antiogenic mitogen. Science 246:1306-1309, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2479986
  3. Ferrara N, Henzel WJ: Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161: 851-858, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(89)92678-8
  4. Maglione D, Guerriero V, Viglietto G et al: Isolation of a human placenta cDNA coding for a protein related to the vascular permeability factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 9267-9271, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.20.9267
  5. Maglione D, Guerriero V, Viglietto G et al: Two alternative mRNAs coding for the angiogenic factor, placenta growth factor (PlGF), are transcribed from a single gene of chromosome 14. Oncogene 8: 925-931, 1993
  6. Olofsson B, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2576-2581,1996 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.6.2576
  7. Dvorak HF, Brown LF, Detmar M et al: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 146: 1029-1039, 1995
  8. Plouet J, Moukadiri HJ: Characterization of the receptors for vasculotropin on bovine adrenal cortex-derived capillary endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 265: 22071-22075, 1990
  9. Vaisman N, Gospodarowicz D, Neufeld G et al: Characterization of the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 265: 19461-19466, 1990
  10. Jakeman LB, Winer J, Bennett GL et al : Binding sites for vascular endothelial growth factor are localized on endothelial cells in adult rat tissues. J Clin Invest 89: 244-253, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115568
  11. Lee JC, Chow NH, Wang ST et al: Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 36: 748-53, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00003-4
  12. Maglione D, Guerriero V, Viglietto G et al: Isolation of a human placenta cDNA coding for a protein related to the vascular permeability factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 9267-71, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.20.9267
  13. Hauser S, Weich HA: A heparin-binding form of placenta growth factor(PlGF-2) is expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in placenta. Growth Factors. 9: 259-68, 1993 https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199308991586
  14. Cao Y, Linden P, Shima D et al : In vivo angiogenic activity and hypoxia induction of heterodimers of placenta growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor. J Clin Invest 98: 2507-11, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119069
  15. Park JE, Chen HH, Winer J et al: Placenta growth factor. Potentiation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity, in vitro and in vivo, and high affinity binding to Flt-1 but not to Flk-1/KDR. J Biol Chem 269: 25646-54, 1994
  16. Carmeliet P, Moons L, Luttun A et al: Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions. Nat Med 7: 575-83, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1038/87904
  17. Takahashi A, Sasaki H, Kim SJ et al: Markedly increased amounts of messenger RNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor in renal cell carcinoma associated with angiogenesis. Cancer Res 54:4233-7, 1994
  18. Donnini S, Machein MR, Plate KH et al: Expression and localization of placenta growth factor and PlGF receptors in human meningiomas. J Pathol 189: 66-71, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<66::AID-PATH390>3.0.CO;2-X
  19. Adini A, Kornaga T, Firoozbakht F et al: Placental growth factor is a survival factor for tumor endothelial cells and macrophages. Cancer Res 62: 2749-52, 2002
  20. Folkman J, Merler E, Abernathy C et al: Isolation of a tumor factor responsible for angiogenesis. J Exp Med 133:275-288, 1971 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.133.2.275
  21. Folkman J, Klagsbrun M: Angiogenic factors. Science 235:442-447, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2432664
  22. Gospodarowicz D, Ferrara N, Schweigerer L et al: Structural characterization and biological functions of fibroblast growth factor. Endocr Rev 8: 95-114, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-8-2-95
  23. Jaye M, Howk R, Burgess W et al: Human endothelial cell growth factor : cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization. Science 233:541-545, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3523756
  24. Dvorak HF, Brown LF, Detmar M et al: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 146: 1029-1039, 1995
  25. Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW et al: Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 407 : 242-248, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1038/35025215
  26. Jain RK: Molecular regulation of vessel maturation. Nat Med 9: 685-693, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0603-685
  27. Benjamin LE, Golijanin D, Itin A et al: Selective ablation of immature blood vessels in established human tumors follows vascular endothelial growth factor withdrawal. J Clin Invest 103: 159-165, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI5028
  28. Ferrara N: Vascular endothelial growth factor as a target for anticancer therapy. Oncologist 9 (Suppl 1): 2-10, 2004
  29. Cao Y, Ji WR, Qi P et al: Placenta growth factor: identification and characterization of a nove isoform generated by RNA alternative splicing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 235: 493-498, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.6813
  30. Carmeliet P, Moons L, Luttun A et al: Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions. Nat Med 7: 575-583, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1038/87904
  31. Park JE, Chen HH, Winer J et al: Placenta growth factor. Potentiation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity, in vivo and in vitro, and high anity binding to Flt-1 but not to Flk-1/KDR. J Biol Chem 269: 25646-25654, 1994
  32. Tournier C, Hess P, Yang DD et al: Requirement of JNK for stress-induced activation of the cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Science. 288: 870-874, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5467.870
  33. Maeda T, Matsumura S, Hiranuma H et al: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: its association with tumour progression and p53 gene status. J Clin Path 51: 771-775, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.51.10.771
  34. Tanigawa N, Amaya H, Matsumura M: Extent of tumour vascularization correlates with prognosis and haematogenous metastasis in gastric carcinomas. Cancer Res 56: 2671-2676, 1996
  35. S-C Wei, P-N Tsao, S-C Yu et al: Placenta growth factor expression is correlated with survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Gut54: 666-672, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2004.050831
  36. Kodama J, Seki N, Tokumo K et al: Placenta growth factor is abundantly expressed in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 18(6): 508-10, 1997
  37. Lijian Zhang1, Jinfeng Chen1, Yang Ke et al: Expression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in non-Small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical and prognostic significance World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 3: 68, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-3-68