Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Distribution of Pollutant Content within Surface Sediment and Evaluation of Its Removal Efficiency in the Sihwa Constructed Wetland

시화호 인공습지에서 표층퇴적토의 오염물질 함량 분포와 제거효율 평가

  • Choi, Don-Hyeok (Sihwa Lake Environmental Management Center, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Choi, Kwang-Soon (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Sup (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Sea-Won (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Hwang, In-Seo (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Kyung (Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Kang, Ho (Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Soo (Marine Environment and Pollution Prevention Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute)
  • 최돈혁 (한국수자원공사 시화호환경관리센터) ;
  • 최광순 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 김동섭 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 김세원 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 황인서 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 이미경 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 강호 (충남대학교 토목환경공학부) ;
  • 김은수 (해양연구원 새만금해양환경연구단)
  • Received : 2009.06.29
  • Accepted : 2009.08.07
  • Published : 2009.09.30
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Abstract

To estimate the pollutant removal efficiency by surface sediment, matter content within surface sediment and its release from the sediment were investigated at 12 sites in the Sihwa constructed wetland. The content of COD, TOC, IL, TN, and TP within sediment varied temporally and spacially, showing ranges of 4.1~7.7 mg/g, 0.29~2.81%, 1.88~8.15%, 0.03~0.35%, 362~1,150 ${\mu}g$/g, respectively. The contents of organic matter and TN were significantly highest in March and decreased towards fall (March${\geq}$May${\geq}$July${\geq}$September, p=0.003 for COD, p=0.001 for TOC, p=0.017 for IL, p=0.015 for TN), whereas TP content was not significant statistically in difference between sampling times. The contents of heavy metals also varied largely with sampling sites and times (As:3.5~3.9 ${\mu}g$/g, Cd:0.08~0.38 ${\mu}g$/g, Cr:51.8~107.0 ${\mu}g$/g, Cu:16.4~81.8 ${\mu}g$/g, Pb:26.~81.8 ${\mu}g$/g, Zn:85~559 ${\mu}g$/g). As compared with sediment quality guideline, the content of organic matter within surface sediment of the Sihwa constructed wetland was classified as unpolluted level. In contrast, the contents of TN, TP and heavy metals were classified as medium or severe pollution state, except some heavy metals (Cu and Pb). From the results of release experiment, TN, Pb, and Zn tend to be removed by surface sediment, but TP, Cd, and Cu have a tendency to released from sediment. Therefore, a relevant plan to improve the removal efficiency of pollutant (especially phosphorus) by surface sediment in the Sihwa constructed wetland is needed.

시화호 인공습지내 표층퇴적토에 의한 오염물질 제거효율을 평가하기 위하여 표층퇴적물내 물질함량과 퇴적토에 의한 오염물질의 용출여부를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 표층퇴적물의 COD, TOC, IL, TN, TP 함량은 각각 4.1~47.7 mg/g, 0.29~2.81%, 1.88~8.15%, 0.03~0.35%, 362~1,150 ${\mu}g$/g의 범위로 조사지점과 시기에 따라 차이를 보였다. 유기물과 TN 함량은 봄에 높고 시간이 지날수록 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면 TP 함량은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(3월${\geq}$5월${\geq}$7월${\geq}$9월, p=0.003 for COD, p=0.001 for TOC, p=0.017 for IL, p=0.015 for TN). 표층퇴적토의 중금속 함량은 As 3.5~13.9 ${\mu}g$/g, Cd 0.08~0.38 ${\mu}g$/g, Cr 51.8~107.0 ${\mu}g$/g, Cu 16.4~81.8 ${\mu}g$/g, Pb 26.8~81.8 ${\mu}g$/g, Zn 85~559 ${\mu}g$/g의 범위로 항목에 따라 상이한 시공간적인 분포를 보였다. 퇴적물환경기준으로 볼 때 유기물 함량은 대부분 기준 이하의 수준을 보인 반면 TN과 TP는 "중간오염" 또는 "심한 오염" 수준을 보였다. 그리고 중금속 함량은 Cd과 Pb을 제외한 모든 항목에서 퇴적물 환경기준으로 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 퇴적토의 용출실험 결과로부터 TN, Pb, Zn은 퇴적토에 의해 제거되는 반면 TP, Cd, Cu는 퇴적토로부터 용출되는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 시화호 인공습지에서 표층퇴적토의 수질정화기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안수립이 필요하다.

Keywords

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