세종대왕기념관의 유물 편종과 현대 편종의 음향 스펙트럼 비교

Comparison of Sound Spectrums of Pyeonjong Remains at the King Sejong Memorial Museum and Pyeonjong Replica

  • 발행 : 2009.04.30

초록

본 논문에서는 편종의 조율 방안을 모색하기 위하여 유물 편종과 현대 편종의 음향 스펙트럼을 비교분석하였다. 유물 편종은 세종대왕기념관에서 소장하고 있는 편종을, 현대 편종은 국립국악원에서 연주되는 편종을 사용하였다. 음향 스펙트럼과 TV 홀로그래피를 이용한 모드분석을 통해 현대 편종의 모드진동수와 모드형상을 파악하였다. 유물 편종의 경우는 음향 스펙트럼 분석만 하였다. 각각의 음고에 해당하는 현대 종과 유물 종의 기명진동수는 9.8 센트부터 203 센트까지 차이를 나타냈다. 유물 편종의 조율 상태가 양호하지 못한 점, 현대 국악에서 기준 황종음고를 서양의 C4로 정하는 경향 등을 그 차이의 원인으로 해석할 수 있다. 편종의 음색을 결정하는 고차 모드진동수의 기명진동수에 대한 상대적인 비율을 조사한 결과, (3,0)a와 (3,0)b모드를 제외한 모든 고차 모드진동수에서 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 이 차이는 통계적으로 유의미할 뿐만 아니라 최소가지진동수 이상이었다 이것은 유물 편종과 현대 편종 사이에 음색의 차이가 있음을 시사한다. 조율방안을 모색하기 위해서는 보다 많은 유물 편종에 대한 추가적인 음향 분석, 주물 분석 및 구조에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

This study compared the sound spectrums of pyeonjong remains and pyeonjong replica to investigate tuning ways of bells. pyeonjong remains, exhibited at King Sejong Memorial Museum and pyeonjong replica, played at the National Center for Korean Traditional Performance Arts were analyzed. To get mode frequencies and mode shapes, pyeonjong replicas' sound spectrums were analyzed and modal analyses by TV holography were performed. Also pyeonjong remains' sound spectrum were analyzed. Nominal frequencies on the pyeonjong replica and remains showed differences in a range between 9.8 cent and 203 cent. Two facts were inferred as causes of the differences, the tuning conditions of pyeonjong remains were not good and C4 in western tempered scale was preferred as the sound standard of Kukak, whangjong. Relative ratio of higher mode frequencies to the nominal frequencies were calculated to figure out tonal differences between two pyeonjongs. The differences in relative ratio of higher mode frequencies except (3,0)a and (3,0)b modes were significants as well as beyond the just noticeable difference. These results implied that the tonal differences between two pyeonjongs could exist. More pyeonjong remains are needed to be investigated to confirm this result in addition to the analyses of alloy components and bell structure of pyeonjong remains and replica.

키워드

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