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안동 농촌지역 중년 및 노인 주민의 고혈압 유병율과 위험요인 분석

Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Risk Factors of the Older Residents in Andong Rural Area

  • Lee, Hye-Sang (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwun, In-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University) ;
  • Kwon, Chong-Suk (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
  • 발행 : 2009.07.31

초록

본 연구는 농촌지역 주민들의 고혈압 예방을 위한 영양사업에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 안동시 읍면지역 농촌의 40세 이상 중년 및 노인 인구를 대상으로 신체특성 및 생화학적 영양상태, 건강관련 생활습관, 식습관 및 영양소 섭취상태가 고혈압 발생에 미치는 영향을 다항로지스틱회귀모델을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석대상자 1,296명(남자 496명, 여자 800명) 중 고혈압(비인지 고혈압)이 602명(남자 272명, 여자 330명)으로 46.5%였으며, 원대상자의 고혈압 환자(778명) 중 고혈압을 인지하고 있는 사람은 23%(176명)인 반면, 고혈압을 인지하지 못하고 있는 사람이 77%로, 고혈압 환자의 3/4이상이 자신이 고혈압인지를 모르고 있는 실정이었다. 신체계측 결과, 체중, 체지방율, 체질량지수 및 허리둘레가 남녀 모두 정상 혈압군보다 고혈압군에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 혈액의 생화학적 조사 결과, 여자의 중성지방치가 정상혈압군에 비해 고혈압군에서 유의적으로 높은 것을 제외하고, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방(남자) 및 공복혈당은 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 고혈압 발생에 미치는 위험도를 교차비로 분석한 결과, 남성, 고령, 체지방율 또는 체질량지수에 의한 비만, 허리둘레에 의한 복부비만에서 고혈압 발생 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 혈액의 지질치와 공복 혈당치는 고혈압 발생에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 흡연, 음주 및 운동습관의 고혈압 발생 관련성을 분석한 결과, 흡연여부와 흡연량은 관련성이 없었고, 음주의 경우는 음주 빈도가 높거나 음주량이 많을수록 고혈압 발생 위험성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 운동습관의 경우, 운동 여부, 빈도 및 일회 운동시간 모두 고혈압 발생과 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 식습관과 고혈압의 관련성을 조사한 결과, 육류 섭취를 주 1회 미만 하는 사람이 주 1회 이상 하는 사람보다 고혈압 발생 위험성이 유의하게 낮았으며, 생선, 과일 및 채소 섭취는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태를 영양섭취기준 이상과 미만 섭취로 나누어 분석한 결과, 영양소 섭취상태와 고혈압 발생의 유의적인 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터, 이 지역 주민들의 고혈압 조기 발견을 위해 규칙적인 혈압 측정이 필요하며, 고혈압 예방을 위해 음주 빈도와 일일 음주량을 줄이고 적정 체중을 유지할 수 있도록 교육 프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 아울러 질병과 영양 섭취의 관련성을 입증하기 위해서는 식품섭취빈도조사법의 사용이 타당하나, 본 연구에서는 조사원의 부족과 조사대상자의 제한점으로 인해 24시간 회상법을 사용하였고, 이로 인해 고혈압과 영양 섭취와의 관련성을 입증함에 있어서 다소 미흡함이 있었다고 생각된다.

This study was performed to assess the risk factors associated with hypertension from Jan/2003 to Feb/2003. The subjects were 1,296 people (496 males, 800 females) aged 40 years and over living in Andong rural area. The hypertensive group was composed of 602 people (272 males, 330 females), who were diagnosed as hypertension ($SBP{\geq}140\;mmHg$ or $DBP{\geq}90\;mmHg$) for the first time at this health examination. The mean anthropometric values of body weight, body fat (%), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were significantly higher in hypertensive group than those in normal group. However, the biochemical measurements such as total-cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels did not show any difference between two groups except TG in female. The risk factors of interest in the development of hypertension were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). The results showed that age, sex, obesity, waist circumference, alcohol drinking and meat intakes were risk factors for hypertension. In contrast, cigarette smoking, exercise and the increased fish, fruit and vegetable (except Kimchi) consumption, blood lipid levels and FBG were not linked with the development of hypertension. Nutrient intakes were not associated with hypertension, either. In conclusion, we cannot assert that this study established the existence of the cause-and-effect relationship between nutrient intakes and risk of hypertension in the subjects, but it does suggest that this is a question worth investigating further using a larger scale of case-control study to determine how the past exposure to some nutrient or dietary component relates to the development of the disease.

키워드

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