Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Changes of Chlorophyll and SOD-like Activities of Chinese Chives Dehydrated at Different Heat Treatments

부추의 건조 온도 조건별 클로로필, Superoxide Dismutase 유사활성의 변화

  • Kwak, Yeon-Ju (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Masan College) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Sang (Dept. of Life and Food Sciences, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University)
  • 곽연주 (마산대학 식품영양과) ;
  • 김정상 (경북대학교 응용생명과학부 생명식품공학)
  • Published : 2009.07.31
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Abstract

Allium tuberosum Rotter (Liliaceae, Chinese chives) is a perennial herb of which leaves are used for food. This study investigated the effect of pretreatment on quality of dehydrated Chinese chives. Chinese chives was blanched at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec, followed by drying at $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, or drying at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$, or $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$. Optimum drying temperature and time was $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$, or $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$. These conditions were shortened time for dehydration and showed smaller decrease than others in Hunter color L, a, b. Dehydrated Chinese chives showed a constant decrease in greenness with storage, probably due to destruction of chlorophyll by light. In the measurement of Hunter color L, a, b, these conditions showed smaller decrease than others in Hunter color for 15 week storage. Chlorophyll content and SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity in that condition was higher than others. It was assumed that a phenolic compound that forms its thermostable activity. The fitness of drying models was conducted in order to explain reducing chlorophyll loss and SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity loss. Based upon the chlorophyll content, SOD-like activity, and retention of green color of the vegetable, optimum drying conditions was $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min followed by $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$, or $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and subsequent drying at $70^{\circ}C$.

부추 건조 분말을 제조하기 위한 최적 열풍건조온도 조건을 확립하고 건조온도 조건에 따른 부추 건조 분말의 생리활성을 가진 클로로필과 SOD 유사활성의 변화정도를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 건조온도는 부추의 수분함량의 변화에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 건조온도가 증가함에 따라 건조시간은 현저하게 단축되었다. 부추의 전처리에서 건조시간은 건조 온도가 $70^{\circ}C$ 또는 $80^{\circ}C$에서는 건조 완결시간이 200분 이상소요되었으나 $100^{\circ}C$에서는 120분 이내에 건조가 거의 완료되었다. $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 건조하고 그 이후는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조하는 조건에서는 약 160분, $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 건조하고 그 이후는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조하는 조건에서는 건조완료 시간이 120분으로 건조조건의 변화로 건조시간을 단축시킬 수 있었다. 또한 건조온도는 부추의 색도의 결과에도 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 L값은 대조구인 동결 건조한 시료가 49.56, $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 조건의 시료가 49.19, $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분에서 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 것으로 각각 48.55로 높았으며, 녹색도(a)는 대조구인 동결 건조한 시료가 -13.24, $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 조건의 시료가 -9.15, $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분에서 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 조건의 시료는 -8.86로 가장 높았으며, 황색도(b)값 역시 대조군인 동결 건조한 시료는 22.01, $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분에서 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 시료는 15.71, $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분에서 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 시료는 15.31로 가장 높게 나타내어 부추의 건조에 적정 조건이라 생각되었다. 또한 건조 조건별 클로로필 함량 역시 $100^{\circ}C$에서 30분에서 건조한 다음 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 시료가 177 mg%로 가장 낮은 온도인 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 부추 시료 179 mg%와 유사한 값을 나타내어 여러 건조 조건 중에서 가장 엽록소 함량이 높았다. SOD 유사활성 역시 대조구인 동결건조 부추에서 1,250(unit/g)으로 가장 높았으며 다음은 $100^{\circ}C$ 60분$-70^{\circ}C$ 건조완료한 부추가 1,176, $100^{\circ}C$ 30분$-70^{\circ}C$ 건조완료한 부추가 1,141로 고온이나 비교적 장시간 열풍에 노출되는 조건에 비해서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이렇듯 $100^{\circ}C$에서 제한된 시간 동안 건조하고 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조를 완료하는 것이 부추의 색도와 생리활성 물질을 최대로 유지하면서 건조시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 조건임을 확인하였으며 열풍건조 이후에도 색도와 생리활성 물질인 클로로필과 SOD 유사활성 물질의 효과가 상당량 존재하여 부추 건조 분말의 저장성 및 생리활성 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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