A Study on Kinetic Gait Analysis of the Normal Adult

정상 성인의 운동역학적 보행분석

  • Kim, Geon (Hyun Dae Family Clinic) ;
  • Yoon, Na-Mi (Department of Physical Therapy, Mokpo Science University)
  • 김건 (현대가정의학과의원) ;
  • 윤나미 (목포과학대학 물리치료과, 목포미래병원)
  • Received : 2009.02.27
  • Accepted : 2009.05.29
  • Published : 2009.06.25

Abstract

Purpose: This study reports the basic reference data of the specific gait parameters for Korean normal adults. Methods: The basic gait parameters were extracted from 73 Adults (35 men and 38 women), 18 to 33 years of age, using a Vicon MX motion analysis system. The segment kinetics, such as joint moment and power, was analyzed at the hip, knee and ankle. Results: The motion patterns are typically associated with a specific phase of the gait cycle. The temporal-spatial gait parameters of Korean normal adults, such as cadence, walking speed, stride length, single support and double support, were similar to the other western reference data. The kinetic parameters of Korean normal adults, such as joint moments of force, joint mechanical power generation or absorption and ground reaction forces, were also similar to other western reference datasets. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that objective gait analysis can be used to document the gait patterns of normal healthy adults. The techniques of 3-dimensional temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters analysis can provide a detailed biomechanical description of a normal and pathological gait.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee EH, Goh JCH, Bose K. Value of gait analysis in the assessment of surgery in cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(7):642-6.
  2. Watts HG. Gait laboratory analysis for preoperative decision making in spastic cerebral palsy: Is it all it' cracked up to be? J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14(6):703-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199414060-00002
  3. Morton R. New surgical interventions for cerebral palsy and the place of gait analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41(6):424-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162299000900
  4. Kirtley C. Clinical Gait analysis: Theory and Practice. London, Churchill Livingstone, 2006:83-222.
  5. Gage JR. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. New York, Mac Keith, 1991:61-100.
  6. Winter DA, Robertson DG. Joint torque and energy patterns in normal gait. Biol Cybern. 1978;29(3):137-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337349
  7. Stallard J. Assessment of the mechanical function of orthoses by force vector visualization. Physiotherapy. 1987;73(8):398-402.
  8. Wells RP. The projection of ground reaction force as a predictor of internal joint moments. Bull Prosthet Res. 1981;18(1):15-9.
  9. Kwon YS, Kang GH, Jung BO et al. Moment and power of lower extremities during hemiplegic gait. The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy. 1999;11(1):55-61.
  10. Riener R, Rabuffetti M, Frigo C. Stair ascent and descent at different inclinations. Gait Posture. 2002;15(1):32-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00162-X
  11. Kim YS, Kim EJ, Seo CJ. The comparative analysis of EMG and Gait patterns of lower extremities during going up stairs and down. The Korean Journal of Physical Education. 2006;45(4):535-44.
  12. Eun SD. An investigation of the effect of the height of steps on the joint moment of lower extremities of the elderly while walking downstairs. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2006;16(4):31-8.
  13. Riley PO, Paolini G, Della Croce U et al. A kinematic and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill walking in healthy subjects. Gait Posture. 2007;26(1):17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.003
  14. Huang SC, Wei IP, Chien HL et al. Effects of severity of degeneration on gait patterns in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Med Eng Phys. 2008;30(8):997-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.02.006
  15. Gage JR. Gait Analysis for decision making in cerebral palsy. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst. 1983:43(2):147-63.
  16. Perry J. Gait analysis: Normal and Pathological function. Thorofare, New Jersey, Slack, 1992:224-43, 367-458.
  17. Skinner HB, Barrack RL. Ankle weighting effect on gait in able bodied adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990;71(2):112-15.
  18. Lee SY, Son GS, Jeon HJ et al. The effects of therapeutic exercise on the balance and gait in older adults. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2007;19(2):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.19.1
  19. Kang HG, Dingwell JB. Effects of walking speed, strength and range of motion on gait stability in healthy adults. J Biomech. 2008;41(14):2899-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.08.002
  20. Kim K, Seo SK, Yoon HJ et al. Correlations between muscle strength of the ankle and balance and walking in the elderly. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2008;20(1):33-40.
  21. Kim HW. A study on kinematic gait analysis of the normal adult. Kyung bok College, Korea. 2001.
  22. Sadeghi H. Contributions of lower-limb muscle power in gait of people without impairments. Phys Ther. 2000;80(12):1188-96.
  23. Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS et al. Biomechanical walking pattern changes in the fit and healthy elderly. Phys Ther. 1990;70(6):340-7.
  24. Whittle MW. Gait analysis: An introduction. 4th ed. New York, Butterworth Heinemann, 2007:47-100.
  25. Winter DA. The Biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elderly and pathological. Ontario, Waterloo Biomechanics, 1991:43-127.
  26. Cho SH. Development and clinical evaluation of safe-locking and motorized knee device of long leg brace. Yonsei University, Dissertation of Doctorate Degree. 1997.
  27. Winter DA. The biomechanical patterns in normal walking. J Mot Behav. 1983;15(4):302-30.
  28. Siegel KL, Kepple TM, Stanhope SJ. Joint moment control of mechanical energy flow during normal gait. Gait Posture. 2004;19(1):69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00010-9
  29. Boccardi S, Chiesa G, Pedotti A. New procedure for evaluation of normal and abnormal gait. Am J Phys Med. 1977;56(4):163-82.
  30. Stansfield BW, Hillman SJ, Hazlewood ME et al. Sagittal joint kinematics, moments, and powers are predominantly characterized by speed of progression, not age, in normal children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(3):403-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004694-200105000-00027