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Removal Effects of Bifenthrin and Metalaxyl Pesticides during Preparation and Fermentation of Baechu Kimchi

배추김치의 제조 및 발효과정 중 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl 농약의 제거 효과

  • Jung, Ji-Kang (Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, So-Yeon (Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, So-Hee (School of Culinary Art & Baking Technology, Dong-Ju College) ;
  • Kang, Jeong-Mi (Office of Agricultural Products Inspection, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment) ;
  • Yang, Ji-Young (Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Pukyung National University) ;
  • Kang, Soon-Ah (Dept. of Fermented Food Science, Seoul University of Venture and Information) ;
  • Chun, Hae-Kyoung (National Rural Resources Development Institute, NIAST, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Kun-Young (Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University)
  • 정지강 (부산대학교 김치연구소 및 부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박소연 (부산대학교 김치연구소 및 부산대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김소희 (동주대학 외식조리 및 영양계열) ;
  • 강정미 (부산광역시 보건환경연구원 농산물검사소) ;
  • 양지영 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 강순아 (서울벤처정보대학원대학교 발효식품과학과) ;
  • 전혜경 (농촌진흥정 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 박건영 (부산대학교 김치연구소 및 부산대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.09.30

Abstract

The removal effects of two commonly used pesticides of Bifenthrin and Metalaxyl during preparation and fermentation of kimchi were studied. The two pesticides were applied to Baechu cabbages intentionally for 20 seconds; the applied amounts of Bifenthrin and Metalaxyl were 3.02$\pm$0.09 ppm and 6.79$\pm$0.17 ppm, respectively. The Baechu cabbages were washed by water 3 times. Then the residual amounts of the two pesticides of Bifenthrin and Metalaxyl were measured and the removal rates were 21.7% and 16.1%, respectively. When Baechu cabbages were brined with 10% salt solution for 12 hours after the application of the two pesticides, the removal rates significantly increased to 98.7% and 60.8%, and when brined and washed 3 times by water, the removal rates even more increased to 99.7% and 73.4% respectively. Then we made kimchi and investigated the quantities of the residual pesticides during the fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. The residual amounts of the pesticides in kimchi decreased in a time dependent manner, finally the amounts of the pesticides to 0.35$\pm$0.04 ppm and 0.48$\pm$0.06 ppm while the removal rates of the two pesticides were 57.8% and 81.0%, respectively. When the kimchi was fermented at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks, the removal rates of Bifenthrin were 57.8% and 72.2% and those of Metalaxyl were 81.0% and 85.6%, respectively. Consequently, it appeared that the residual pesticides can be removed during preparation, especially brining; the fermentation process of kimchi also removed the residual pesticides effectively, especially at higher temperature and long period.

김치의 주재료인 배추의 재배 시에 주로 사용되는 농약인 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl을 배추에 인위적으로 처리한 후, 배추김치를 제조, 발효하는 과정 중에 그 잔류량이 어떻게 제거되는지 살펴보았다. 농약처리 직후 초기 잔류량은 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl 각각 3.02$\pm$0.09 ppm과 6.79$\pm$0.17 ppm이었으며, 세척을 3회 실시한 후 농약의 잔류량은 초기 잔류량 대비 Bifenthrin 21.7$\pm$2.6%(2.37$\pm$0.40 ppm 잔존), Metalaxyl 16.1$\pm$4.9%(5.69$\pm$0.28 ppm 잔존)가 제거되었음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 절임의 과정을 거친 후에는 초기잔류량 대비 Bifenthrin 98.7$\pm$1.2%, Metalaxyl 60.8$\pm$0.5%의 농약이 제거되었고, 절임 후 세척 3회의 과정을 거쳤을 때에는 상당량의 농약이 제거되어 그 제거율이 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl 각각 99.7$\pm$1.2%(0.01$\pm$0.05 ppm 잔존), 73.4$\pm$ 3.8%(1.47$\pm$0.28 ppm 잔존)인 것으로 나타났다. 농약이 잔류하고 있는 배추로 김치를 제조한 후 숙성과정중의 농약의 잔류량 변화를 살펴본 결과 $4^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 숙성 후 농약의 제거율은 대조군 대비 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl에서 각각 57.8$\pm$10.7%(0.35$\pm$0.04 ppm 잔존)와 81.0$\pm$2.1%(0.48$\pm$0.06 ppm 잔존)였으며, 김치 제조 전 세척 횟수가 많아질수록 숙성 중에도 농약의 제거효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제조한 김치를 각각 $4^{\circ}C$$10^{\circ}C$에 저장, 숙성시키면서 온도에 따른 제거효율의 차이를 살펴본 결과, $4^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 숙성시킨 경우에는 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl 각각 대조군 대비 57.8$\pm$10.7%, 81.0$\pm$2.1%의 제거율을 나타냈고, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 Bifenthrin과 Metalaxyl 모두 더 높은 제거효율을 나타내어 발효온도가 높을수록 농약의 제거효율 또한 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결국 배추에 처리된 농약은 김치제조 및 발효과정을 거치면서, 초기 잔류량대비 최대 95.14$\pm$0.32%까지 제거되는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 양이 MRL 이하로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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