Development and Validation of Place Attachment to Childhood Home Scale

아동기 집에 대한 장소애착 척도 개발과 타당화 연구

  • Received : 2009.08.31
  • Accepted : 2009.11.11
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

This study developed the Place Attachment to Childhood Home Scale and evaluated its validity and reliability. Samples consisted of 418 college students of four universities. Data were collected by questionnaire based on retrospective questions about the childhood home. Factor analysis resulted in 5 dimensions of place attachment : affection, place identity, place rootedness, playfulness, and place dependence. Especially, playfulness was a unique finding. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure. There were also significant correlations among sub-factors. The reliability of the scale appeared high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .948). Criterion-related validity was confirmed by significant correlations of the present scale with Attachment Scale to Place (Hess, 1997) and the Inventory of Parent Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987).

Keywords

References

  1. 김동근.이한울.안건혁(2007). 주거지에 대한 장소 애착 개념 고찰. 대한국토.도시계획학회 2007 추계정기학술대회, 623-635.
  2. 유은희(1991). 기혼자녀의 부모에 대한 애착 및 자율성 발달유형과 결혼만족도. 이화여자대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
  3. 최열.임하경(2005). 장소애착 인지 및 결정요인 분석. 대한국토.도시계획학회지 국토계획, 40(2), 53-64.
  4. Ainsworth, M. (1969). Object relations, dependency and attachment : A theoretical review of the infantmother relationship. Child Development, 40, 969-1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127008
  5. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939
  6. Billing, M. (2006). Is my home my castle? Place attachemnt, risk perception, and religious faith. Environment and Behavior, 38(2), 248-265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505277608
  7. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, E, & Bonnes, M. (2004). Scales on perceived urban residential quality indicators and neibourhood attachment : Aconfirmatory analysis of faclorial structures, IAPS 18 Conference Procedings, 7-9 July 2004.
  8. Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss, Vol.1. Attachment. New York : Basic Books.
  9. Chawla, L. (1992). Childhood place attachment, In I. Altman & Low(eds). Place attachment. New York : Plenum Press, 63-86.
  10. Elicker, J. Englund, B., & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Predicting peer competence and peer relationships in childhood from early parent-child relationships. In. R.D. Parke & G. Ladd(Eds.), Family-Peer Relationships: Modes of Linkage(pp.77-106). Hillsdale, N.J. : Erlbaum.
  11. Feldman, R. M. (1990). Settlement-identity : Psychological bonds with home places in a mobile society. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 273-281.
  12. Ginsberg, K. R. (2007) The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds. Pediatrics, 119, 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2697
  13. Harris, P. B., Brown, B. B., & Werner, C. M. (1996). Privacy regulation and place attachment : Predicting attachment to a student family housing facility. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 16, 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1996.0025
  14. Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context.(A rooted sense of place in cross-cultural perspective). Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1997.0060
  15. Heidegger, M. (1992). Being and Time. Seoul, Korea : Time and Space Press.
  16. Hess, K. A. (1997). Attachment to childhood place : A developmental perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. California School of Professional Psychology. CA.
  17. Jorgensen, B. S., & Stedman, R. C. (2006). A comparative analysis of predictors of place dimensions : Attachment to dependence on, and identification with lakeshore propenies. Journal of Environmental Management, 79, 316-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.003
  18. Kampen, A. (2005). The relationship between mother-child interaction and children's representations of attachment in middle childhood. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wisconsin Madison.
  19. Kelly, G. (2008). Nonpermanent residents, place attachment, and "Sea Chang" communities. Environment and Behavior, 40(4), 575-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916507302246
  20. Knez, I. (2005). Attachment and identity as related to a place and its perceived climate. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.003
  21. Kyle, G. T., Mowen, A. J., & Tarrant, M. (2004). Linking place preferences wilh place meaning : An examination of the relationship between place motivation and place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.11.001
  22. Kyle, G., Graefe. A., & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings. Environment and Behavior, 37(2), 153-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269654
  23. LaFreniere, P. J., & Sroufe, L. A. (1985). Profiles of peer competence in the preschool : Interrelations between measures, influence of social ecology, and relation to attachment history. Developmental Psychology, 21, 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.1.56
  24. Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place Attachment : A conceptual inquiry. In I. Altman, & S. M. Low, (Eds), Place Attachment(pp.1-12). New York, NY : Plenum Press.
  25. McAndrew, F. T. (1998). The measurement of 'Rootedness' and the prediction of attachment to home-town in college student. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1998.0078
  26. Molcar, C. C. (2006). The relationship of place attachment to spiritual well-being across the lifespan. Doctoral dissertation. Seattle Pacific University, WA.
  27. Moore, R. L., & Scott., D. (2003). Place attachment and context : comparing a park and a trail within. Forest Science, 49(6), 877-884.
  28. Pretty, G. H., Chiputer, H. M., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns : The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00079-8
  29. Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place identity : Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 57-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8
  30. Shumaker, S. A., & Tayor, R B. (1983). "Toward a clarification of people-place relationships : a model of attachment to a place", In N. Feimer & E. Galler(Eds.), Environmental Psychology : Directions and Perspectives, New York : Praeger.
  31. Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool : The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter(Ed.), Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology (pp.41-83). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
  32. Sroufe, L. A., Fox, N. E., & Pancake, V. R. (1983). Attachment and dependency in developmental perspective. Child Development, 54, 1615-1627. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129825
  33. Stedman, R. C. (2002). Toward a social psychology of place : Predicting behavior from place-based cognitions, attitude, and identity. Environment & Behavior, 34, 561-581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502034005001
  34. Tognoli, J. (2003). Leaving home : Homesickness, place attachment, and transition among residence students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 18, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1300/J035v18n01_04
  35. Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A. Egeland, B., & Carleson, E. A. (1999). The nature of individual differences in infant-caregiver attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver(Eds.) The Handbook of Attachment(pp.68-88). New York : Guilford.
  36. Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (2003). The measurement of place attachment : Validity and generalizability of a psycholomeuic approach. Forest Science, 49(6), 830-840.
  37. Willians, D. R., & Roggenbuk, J. W. (1989). Measuring place attachment : Some preliminary results. in L. H. McAvoy, & D. Howard(Eds), Abstract of 1989 Leisure Research Symposium(p.32). Arlington, VA : National Recreation and Park Association.