Evaluation of the Beeswax Applying and Dewaxing Technique of Hanji, and Their Ageing Behaviors

한지의 밀랍 및 탈랍처리 기법과 열화거동 평가

  • Kang, Kwang-Ho (Dept. of Forest Product & Biotechnology, Kookmin University) ;
  • Lee, Geum-Ja (Dept. of Forest Product & Biotechnology, Kookmin University) ;
  • Kim, Hyoung-Jin (Dept. of Forest Product & Biotechnology, Kookmin University)
  • 강광호 (국민대학교 임산생명공학과) ;
  • 이금자 (국민대학교 임산생명공학과) ;
  • 김형진 (국민대학교 임산생명공학과)
  • Received : 2010.09.12
  • Accepted : 2010.09.24
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

The Annals of beeswax applied-Joseon Dynasty have some serious damages such as cracks, brown, red or black spots, and discolorations by chemical and biological degradation, but others without any beeswax application have still been keeping good quality during over several hundred years. It would be convinced that the beeswax applied in the Annals resulted in these deteriorations. Therefore, in order to focus on the aging mechanism and conservation techniques for the beeswax-applied Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the beeswax applying and dewaxing techniques of Hanji were tried by auto bar coater with a hot plate, and by heat-pressure sensitive extracting treatments. The ageing behaviors of beeswaxed Hanji and dewaxed Hanji were investigated by measuring the changes of physical, optical, morphological, and chemical properties, through accelerated ageing treatment in dry oven at $150^{\circ}C$ during 48 hours. Consequently, the ageing actions of beeswaxed Hanji were even faster than that of Hanji. The optimum dewaxed amounts from beeswaxed Hanji was also obtained in pressure of $40\;kg_f$ under heating conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. 서울대학교 규장각, 조선왕조실록 보존을 위한 조사 연구(1,2차), 서울대학교 출판부 (2005).
  2. Jeong, S. H., Jeong, S. Y., Seo, J. H., and Lee, H. Y., The study of restoration technique of wax-treated volume for the annals of the Joseon Dynasty(1), Evaluation of degradation behavior of reproduced waxy paper, J. Korea TAPPI 39(1):56-63 (2007).
  3. Jo, B. M., Research Report, Study on the standardization of indigenous handicraft manufacturing technique, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 07C011Y (2007).
  4. Seo, J. H., Choi, K. H., Park, J. H., and Kang, Y. S., Evaluation of Characteristics of wax-treated paper depending on coating methods, J. Korea TAPPI, 41(2):64-69 (2009).
  5. Kim, K. J., Eom, T. J., Ageing Behavior of Beeswax Coated Hanji(I) - Thermal Ageing Test of Beeswax Coated Hanji -, J. Korea TAPPI, 42(2):46-52 (2010).
  6. Łojewska, J., Miśkowiec, P., Łojewski, T., and Proniewicz, L. M., Cellulose oxidation and hydrolytic degradation: In situ FTIR approach, Polymer degradation and stability, 88:512-520 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.012
  7. Hausalo, T., and Söderhjelm, L., Chemical Analysis of Pulps, Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 17, Chap. 6, pp. 115-116, TAPPI Press (1999).
  8. Franciska, S., and Maria, T., Paper conservation using aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide/ methyl cellulose 2, The influence of accelerated ageing temperature on properties of treated paper, Restaurator, 24:178-188 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1515/REST.2003.178
  9. Segal, L., and Conrad, C. M., Characterization of cellulose derivatives by means of the x-ray diffractometer, American Dyestuff Repoter 46:637-642 (1957).
  10. Segal, L., Creely, J., Martin, A. E., and Cornrad, C. M., An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the x-ray diffractometer, Textile Research J. 29:786-794 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1177/004051755902901003
  11. Parikh, D. V., Thibodeauz, D. P., and Condon, B., X-ray crystallinity of bleached and crosslinked cottons, Textile research J. 77(8):612-616 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517507081982