The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Management of Charcoal Rot of Sesame by Seed Soaking in Medicinal Plant Extracts and Hot Water

  • Ahmed, Hoda A.M. (Agriculture Research Center) ;
  • Abdel-Razik, A.A. (Plant Pathology Department, Assiut University) ;
  • Hassan, M.H.A. (Plant Pathology Department, Assiut University) ;
  • Khaled, S.A. (Agriculture Research Center)
  • Received : 2010.05.09
  • Accepted : 2010.09.05
  • Published : 2010.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot was isolated from sesame seeds (cvs. Giza 32 and Shandawel-3) collected from different localities of Assiut, Sohage and El-Minia Governorates. The fungus was found in the highest frequently in samples collected from Assiut Governorate followed by Sohag and finally EL Minia Governorate. The obtained isolates were different in their virulence on the tested sesame cvs. Also, they differed in their growth nature including colony color and sclerotial production. The color of colonies of the pathogen seem to be correlated with density of sclerotial formation. Aqueous extracts of Majorna, Wild chamomile, Geranium oil and Nees plants were highly toxic to tested isolates of M. phaseolina, in vitro. On the other hand the rest of the tested aqueous extracts had no effect. Under greenhouse conditions in 2005 and 2006 seasons, soaking seeds of sesame before sowing in aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus, Nerium, Ocimum and Roesmary plants decreased the disease incidence. Aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus and Ocimum were the most effective treatment. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes increased seed germination of Giza 32 and Shandawel-3 cvs. followed by $55^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, while $40^{\circ}C$ treatment resulted the lowest seed germination rate. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at different temperature before planting decreased seed, seedling and charcoal rots. Soaking seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ increased greatly plant height and decreased seed, seedling rot and charcoal rot followed by $55^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, under greenhouse condition.

Keywords

References

  1. Abd-El-Moneem, K. M. H., El-Farash, E. M. and Fahmy, F. G. 1997. In vitro selection for high yielding somaclones resistant to charcoal root-rot and wilt disease complex in sesame. Assiut J. Agric. Sci. 28:201-224.
  2. Abdou, E., Abd-Alla, H. M. and Galal, A. A. 2001. Survey of sesame root rot/ wilt disease in Minia and their possible control by ascorbic and salicylic acids. Assiut J. Agric. Sci. 32:135-152.
  3. Abuelgasim, E. A. and Zeidan, A. B. 1985. Induction of pycnidial stage of Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from sesame seeds. Indian phytopathology 38:523.
  4. Agarwal, V. K. and Sinclair, J. B. 1996. Principles of seed pathology second edition. Lewis Publishers Boca Raton New York London Tokyo.
  5. Al-Ahmed, M. and Saidawi, A. 1988. Macrophomina (charcoal) root rot of sesame in Syria. Arab J. Plant Prot. 6:88-93.
  6. Arriel, N. H. C., Andrade, F. P. D. E.; Bouty, S. M., Lima, F. D. E., Guedes, A. R. and Costa, I. T. D. A. 1996. Trial of sesame cultivars in three north-eastern states of Brazil -1994. Nacional de Pesquisa do Algodoo, No. 31, 5 pp.
  7. Asthana, A., Dixit, K., Tripathi, N. N. and Dixit, S. N. 1989. Efficacy of Ocimum oil against fungi attacking chilli seed during storage. Trop. Sci. 29:15-20.
  8. Carvalho, P. G. B., Borghetti, F., Buckeridge, M. S., Morhy, L. and Filho, E. X. F. 2001. Temperature dependent germination and endo-$\beta$-mannanase activity in sesame seeds. R. Bras. Fisiol. Veg. 13:139-148. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-31312001000200003
  9. Devi, T. P. and Singh, R. H. 1998. Growth and sclerotia production of Macrophomina phaseolina [Tassi] Goid. Isolates of Vigna radiate. Anu. Agric. Res. 19:181-187.
  10. Domsch, K. W. Goms and Troute-Heidi, A. 1980. Compendium of soil fungi. Academic Press. London. 1: 859 pp.
  11. Dwivedi, B. S. and Dubey, R. C. 1986. Effects of volatile and non-volatile fractions of two medicinal plants on germination of Macrophomina phaseolina sclerotia. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 87:326-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(86)80041-9
  12. EL-Deeb A. A., Mohamed, H. A. and Hilal, A.. A. 1985. Studies on charcoal-rot disease of sunflower in Egypt. 1st Nat. Conf. of pests & Dis. of Veg. & Field Crops in Egypt, Ismailia, 999-1012.
  13. El-Habbaa, G. M., Felaifel, M. S., Zahra, A. M. and Ghany, R. E. 2002. In vitro evaluation of some fungicides, commercial biocontrol formulations and natural plant extracts on peanut rootrot pathogens. Egypt J. Agric. Res. 80:1017-1031.
  14. El-Sayed, A. B., Salem, M. A., Seif-El-Din, A.A., Omar, A. A. and Michail, S. H. 1986. Reaction of Eucalyptus species to Pestalotiopsis magniferae in Egypt. Austr. For. Res. 15:463-468.
  15. El-Wakil, A. A., Radwan, I. R., Zayed, M. A. and Satour, M. M. 1985. Morphological and cultural characteristics of some isolates of Sclerotium bataticola (Taub.). Butl. From peanut. Agric. Res. Rev. 63:71-88.
  16. Gabr, M. R., Hussein, N. A., Saleh, O. I. and Khalil, M. A. 1998. Susceptibility of certain varieties and genotypes and control of wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame attributed to Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. sesami and Macrophomina phaseolina. Egyp. J. Microbio. 33:403-428.
  17. Gehlot, D. and Bohra, A. 1999. Control of Macrophomina phaseolina by root extracts. J. Ecophysio. 2:15-17.
  18. Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd Ed. John Willey. New York 680 pp.
  19. Gopinath, A. and Shetty, S. H. 1985. Occurrence and location of Fusarium species in Indian sorghum seed. Seed Sci. Technol. 13:521-528.
  20. Gupta, R. B. L. 1995. Evaluation of sesame resistance to root rot and oozing. Indian Phytopathology 48:194-195.
  21. Hassanein, A. M. 1985. Pathological and physiological studies on some root diseases of soybean. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Zagazig Univ., Benha Branch.
  22. Hooda, I. and Grover, R. K. 1988. Effect of age, quality of inoculum and isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina on the pathogensis of mung bean and its control by chemicals. Indian Phytopatholgy 41:107-117.
  23. Ibrahim, A. S. A. 1996. Phytopathological studies on the variability in virulence of some isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from different hosts. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt. 124pp.
  24. Khalifa, M. M. A. 2003. Pathological studies on charcoal rot disease of sesame. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Mashtohor, Zagazig Univ. Benha.
  25. Kushi, K. K. and Khare, M. N. 1979. Seed-borne fungi of sesame (Sesamum indicum) and their significance. Seed Res. 7:48-53.
  26. Kyauk, H., Hopper, N. W. and Brigham, R. D. 1995. Effect of temperature presoaking on germination, root length and shoot length of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Environ. Experi. Bot. 35:345-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(95)00013-X
  27. Leben, C. 1983. Chemicals plus heat as seed treatments for control of angular leaf spot of cucumber seedlings. Plant Dise. 67:991-993. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-67-991
  28. Mahdy, E. E., Bakheit, B. R., Motawea, M. H. and Bedawy, I. M. 2005. Pedigree selection for resistance to Sclerotium babticola in threesesame populations. Assiut J. Agric. Sci. 36:57-72.
  29. Maoz, M. and Neeman, I. 1998. Antimicrobial effects of aqueous plant extracts on the fungi Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum and on three bacterial species. Letters Appl. Micro. 26:61-63. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00277.x
  30. Mohammad Atig, Shabeer Ahmad, I. and Amad. 2001. Pathogenic and cultural variations in Macrophomina phaseolina, the cause of charcoal putrefaction in sunflower. Sarhad J. of Agric. 17:253-255.
  31. Nabila, A. A. 1999. Effects of chemical and heat treatments of seed on squash infection by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Assiut J. of Agric. Sci. 30:193-206.
  32. Pereira, J., Gutierrez, S. and Subero, L. J. 1995. Comparison between morphological and virulence characteristics among seven isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina. Annals de Botan. Agri. 2:20-24.
  33. Pereira, J., Gutierrez, S. and Subero, L. J. 1996. Behavior of 15 genotypes of Sesamume indicum L.against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Anales de Botanica Agricola 3:33-37(English summary).
  34. Raut, J. G. and Ingle, R. W. 1989. Variations in isolates of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Indian Phytopathogy 42:506-508.
  35. Saeed, M. N. A. 2001. Morbid anatomies of root rot disease in sesame plants. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 28:723-735.
  36. Sanaomung, T. and Sirithorn, D. 1996. Transmission of seedborne inoculum of Macrophomina phaseolina from seed to plant. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sci., Plant Sci. 91:537-370.
  37. Seoud, M. B., El-Deeb, A. A., El-Gawad, M. A. A. and Toma, A.. T. 1984. Chemical control of root-rot and wilt disease of sesame in Egypt. Agric Res. Cen., Min. Agric., Egypt. Agric. Res. 60:117-126.
  38. Shalaby, I. M. S., El-Ganainy, R. M. A., Botros, S. A. and El-Gebally, M. M. 2001. Efficacy of some natural and synthetic compounds against charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina of sesame and sunflower plants. Assiut J. of Agric. Sci. 32:47-56.
  39. Shalbay, I. M. S., Ghonim, M. I. and Ismail, A. E. 1998. Studies on thevirulence of root rot pathogens on sesame plants. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. 76:913-921.
  40. Shamarao, J., Patil, M. S., Jamadar, M. M. and Indira, S. 2001. Variability in Macrophomina phaseolina the causal organism of charcoal rot of sorghum. Agric. Sci. Digest 2:235-237.
  41. Simosa, C. N. C. and Delgado, M. 1991. Virulence of four isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina on four sesame (Sesamum indicum) cultivars. Fitopatologia Venezolana 4:20-23.
  42. Singh, R. S. 1994. Plant pathogens: The fungi. 3rd Edt. Oxford and Ibh Bublishing Co. LTD, New Delhi, India, 443 pp.
  43. Singh, A., Bhowmik, T. P. and Choudhry, B. S. 1989. Evaluation of sesamum germplasm/cultivars for resistance against Macrophomina root rot. Indian Phytopathogy 42:471-473.
  44. Sobti, A. K., Sharma, O. P. and Bhargava, A. K. 1995. Acomparative study of fungicidal compounds and plant extracts against three pathogens of Arachis hypogaea. Indian Phytopatho. 48:91-193.
  45. Strandberg, J. O. and White, J. M. 1989. Response of carrot to heat treatments. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:766-769.
  46. Subrahmaniyan, K., Dinakaran, D., Kalaisei, P. and Arulmozhi, N. 2001. Response of root rot resistant cultures of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to plant density and NPK fertilizer. Agric. Sci. Digest 21:176-178.
  47. Wasnikar, A. R., Sharma, S. M. and Khare, M. N. 1988. Influence of carbon-nitrogen ratio on growth and sporulation of some mycoflora pathogenic to sesame. Current Res. Univ. of Agric. Sci., Bangalore, 17:64-65.
  48. Yu, S. H. and Park, J. S. 1980. Macrophomina phaseolina detected in seeds of Sesamum indicum and its pathogenicity. Korean. J. Plant Prot. 19:135-140.
  49. Zahra, A. M. 1990. Studies on wilt disease of sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) in upper Egypt. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Assuit Univ.

Cited by

  1. Development of an SSR-based genetic map in sesame and identification of quantitative trait loci associated with charcoal rot resistance vol.7, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08858-2
  2. Chemical Pesticides and Plant Essential Oils for Disease Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt vol.28, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.10.2011.0200