Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Seed Oil Characteristics from Korean Ginseng, Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.)

  • Zhu, Xue-Mei (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hu, Jiang-Ning (State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University) ;
  • Shin, Jung-Ah (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jeung-Hee (Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hong, Soon-Teak (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Teak (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2010.10.13
  • Accepted : 2010.11.22
  • Published : 2010.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The chemical characteristics of seed oils of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at different ages grown in Korea (3, 4 and 5-year old) and China (5-year old), and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliu L., 5-year old) grown in China were compared. Total fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher oleic acid content in American (87.50%) than in Korean (68.02~69.14%) and Chinese ginseng seed oils (61.19%). At the sn-2 position, the highest oleic acid (81.09%) and lowest linoleic acid (15.77%) were found in American ginseng seed oil. The main triacylglycerol species in ginseng seed oils were triolein (OOO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (LOO)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (OLO). In addition, the seed oils possessed an ideal oxidative stability showing 16.55~23.12 hr of induction time by Rancimat test. The results revealed that ginseng seed oil could be developed as a new healthy edible oil, and that the oil's chemical characteristics were strongly associated with the ginseng species and habitats.

Keywords

References

  1. Bao HY, Zhang J, Yeo SJ, Myung CS, Kim HM, Kim JM, Park JH, Cho JS, Kang JS. 2005. Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of selected ginsenosides. Arch Pharm Res 3: 335-342.
  2. Cheng Y, Shen LH, Zhang JT. 2005. Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2: 143-149.
  3. Lee MS, Hwang JT, Kim SH, Yoon S, Kim MS, Yang HJ, Kwon DY. 2010. Ginsenoside Rc, an active component of Panax ginseng, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 127: 771-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.022
  4. Rai D, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G. 2003. Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a comparative study. J Pharmacol Sci 4: 458-464.
  5. Surh YJ, Na HK, Lee JY, Keum YS. 2001. Molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor promoting activities of heat-processed Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. J Korean Med Sci 16: 38-41 Suppl. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S38
  6. Tang W, Zhang Y, Gao J, Ding X, Gao S. 2008. The anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in mice by intranasally administration. Biol Pharm Bull 31: 2024-2027. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.2024
  7. Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, Lee KS, Leiter LA, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M, Naeem A. 2006. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21: 1-11.
  8. Park J, Rhee D, Lee Y. 2005. Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Phytochem Rev 4: 159-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-005-2835-8
  9. Beveridge THJ, Li TSC, Drover JCG. 2002. Phytosterol content in American ginseng seed oil. J Agric Food Chem 50: 744-750. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010701v
  10. Matsumoto T, Akihisa T, Soma S, Takido M, Takahashi S. 1986. Composition of unsaponifiable lipid from seed oils of Panax ginseng and P. quiquefolium. J Am Oil Chem Soc 63: 544-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645749
  11. Omode AA, Fatoki OS, Olaogun KA. 1995. Physio-chemical properties of some under-exploited and non-conventional oil seeds. J Agric Food Chem 43: 2850-2853. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a015
  12. Lopez-Lopez A, Lopez-Sabater MC, Campoy-Folgoso C, Rivero-Urgell M, Castellote-Bargallo AI. 2002. Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada (Spain) and in infant formulas. Eur J Clin Nutr 56: 1242-1254. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601470
  13. Zhu XM, Hu JN, Shin JA, Li D, Jin J, Adhikari P, Akoh CC, Lee JH, Choi SW, Lee KT. 2010. Enrichment of pinolenic acid at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol molecules through lipase-catalyzed reaction. Int J Food Sci Nutr 61: 138-148. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637480903348106
  14. Hunter JE. 2001. Studies on effects of dietary fatty acids as related to their position on triglycerides. Lipids 36: 655-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-001-0770-0
  15. AOCS. 1990. Official Methods and Recommended Practices. 4th ed. American Oil Chemists’s Society, Champain, IL, USA. Cd, 3d-63; Cd, 8b-90; Cd, 3-25; Cd, 1d-92.
  16. Adhikari P, Shin JA, Lee JH, Hu JN, Zhu XM, Akoh CC, Lee KT. 2010. Production of trans-free margarine stock by enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil, palm stearin, and coconut oil. J Sci Food Agric 90: 703-711.
  17. SAS. 2000. Statistics analysis software, Release 8.2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
  18. Rontani JF, Koblizek, Beker B, Bonin P, Kolber Z. 2003. On the origin of cis-vaccenic acid photodegradation products in the marine environment. Lipids 38: 1085-1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-1164-z
  19. Saglik S, Alpinar K, Imre S. 2002. Fatty acid composition of Dracunculus vulgaris Schott (Araceae) seed oil from Turkey. J Pham Pharmaceut Sci 5: 231-233.
  20. Reiter B, Lechner M, Lorbeer E. 2002. The fatty acid profiles-including petroselinic acid and cis-vaccenic acid-of different Umbelliferae seed oil. Fett/Lipid 100: 498-502.
  21. Oomah BD, Ladet S, Godfrey DV, Girard B, Li TSC. 1999. Physicochemical properties of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed oils. In Proceeding of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology 41st Annual Conference. Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. p 44.
  22. Corbett P. 2003. It’s time for an oil change! Opportunities for high-oleic vegetable oils. Inform 14: 480-481.
  23. Gordon MH, Mursi E. 1994. A comparison of oil stability based on the Metrohm Rancimat with storage at $20^{\circ}C$. J Am Oil Chem Soc 71: 649-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540595

Cited by

  1. Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds From Wild and Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Occurrence of a High Level of Petroselinic Acid vol.93, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-016-2864-z
  2. Quality Characteristics of Nutrition Bar Substituted with Defatted Ginseng Seed Meal vol.29, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.3.249
  3. Quality and characteristics of ginseng seed oil treated using different extraction methods vol.37, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2013.37.468
  4. Antioxidant Activities of Ginseng Seeds Treated by Autoclaving vol.36, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.411
  5. Physicochemical Characteristics of Various Ginseng Seeds vol.45, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.3.274
  6. Quality Characteristics of Ginseng Seed Oil Obtained by Different Extraction Methods vol.43, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.3.439
  7. Changes of Fatty Acids, Minerals and Ginsenosides on Ginseng Seeds during Stratifying Treatment vol.23, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2015.23.5.406