Current Assessment of Sodium and Potassium Intakes in Elementary and Middle School Students through School Meals

초.중학교 학교급식 중 나트륨, 칼륨 섭취실태 조사

  • Lee, Sun-Kyu (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Chang, Eun-Jung (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Choi, Jae-Chun (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Bahn, Kyeong-Nyeo (Imported Food Analysis Division, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Hye (Food Contaminants Division, Food safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation)
  • 이선규 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 장은정 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 최재천 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 반경녀 (경인지방식품의약품안전청 수입식품분석과) ;
  • 김미혜 (식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 오염물질과)
  • Received : 2010.03.10
  • Accepted : 2010.05.27
  • Published : 2010.10.31

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to estimate dietary sodium exposure and to determine the sodium contents of school lunches in Incheon and Gangwon. In this study, we collected 1,334 samples from 8 elementary schools and 8 middle schools for 15 days. The average lunch intakes at the elementary and middle schools were $381.2{\pm}73.8g$ and $460.4{\pm}81.5g$, respectively. The sodium contents of main dishes, side dishes, and desserts were $49.7{\pm}105.6$ mg/100 g, $517.2{\pm}409.2$ mg/100 g, and $135.4{\pm}195.5$ mg/100 g, respectively. The average sodium intakes through lunch at the elementary and middle schools were $863.0{\pm}291.1$ mg and $1,052.1{\pm}323.4$ mg, and average potassium intakes were $571.1{\pm}193.0$ mg and $655.8{\pm}198.4$ mg, respectively. The results of this study show that sodium intake from school lunches is about 47% of the recommended daily intake (RDI, 2,000 mg per day) established by the WHO. Therefore, it is recommended that sodium exposure be continuously monitored.

초등학교 급식의 메뉴별 나트륨 함량이 중학교 급식의 나트륨 함량보다 높았으나 음식 섭취량이 중학생이 많아서 나트륨 섭취량은 중학생이 초등학생 보다 유의적으로 많이 섭취했다(p<0.05). 비빔밥, 덮밥 등 간장이나 고추장을 기본으로 한 소스류 첨가가 많은 일품식류는 급식 자체의 섭취량 또한 높아서 다른 음식군과 확연히 구분될 만큼 나트륨 섭취에 크게 기여하였다. 반면 나트륨 함량이 높은 구이류 메뉴는 김구이처럼 섭취중량이 매우 작은 경우가 있어서 나트륨섭취에 기여하는 수준은 크게 높지 않았으며 김치류와 무침나물류 또한 해당 음식의 섭취량이 낮아서 나트륨 섭취에 크게 기여하지는 않았다. 초등학생의 끼니당 나트륨 섭취량 평균은 802.2 mg/인으로 WHO 일일섭취권고량(2,000 mg)의 40.1%로 나타났다. 중학생의 경우 1회 점심식사 분량의 나트륨 섭취량 평균은 1,055.9 mg/인으로 WHO 일일섭취권고량(2,000 mg)의 52.8%를 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 후식이 높은 칼륨/나트륨 비율을 나타냈는데 과일류가 112.0로 가장 높았으며 음료 및 차류 8.6, 유제품이 3.2로 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 주식류에서는 밥류가 칼륨/나트륨 비율이 22.3으로 칼륨/나트륨 비율이 1이상을 나타내고 그 외의 주식류 및 부식류 전항목은 1이하로 나트륨이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 초등학교 급식(0.66)이 중학교 급식(0.62) 보다 높은 칼륨/나트륨 비율을 보였는데, 이는 초등학교에서 후식으로 과일을 제공한 횟수가 많아 나트륨에 대한 칼륨의 비율을 더 높인 것으로 판단된다. 초등학생, 중학생 모두 한끼 나트륨섭취권장량인 1/3 RDI(WHO, 2000 mg)인 667 mg을 초과하는 비율이 높았다. 따라서 학교급식에서 나트륨 섭취량을 권장섭취량 수준으로 낮추기 위해서 레시피 개선, 학생영양(교)사 교육 및 올바른 식생활에 대한 교육 및 홍보가 병행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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