Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Size of Ultrafine Particles and Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Atmosphere

일반대기 중 극미세입자와 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

  • Cho, Tea-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Jeon, Hye-Li (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Youn, Hyung-Sun (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Son, Bu-Soon (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 조태진 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 전혜리 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과) ;
  • 윤형선 (순천향대학교 임상병리학과) ;
  • 이미영 (순천향대학교 의료생명공학과) ;
  • 손부순 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2010.08.06
  • Accepted : 2010.12.21
  • Published : 2010.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study evaluated the distribution of the concentrations of nano-particles and heavy metals (08-Pb, Cr, Zn, As, Fe, 09-Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn) in Seoul, Chungnam A and Gwangyang from August to December, in 2008 5 times each in the Seoul area, 5 times in and Chungnam A area and from August to November, in 2009 14 times in the Chungnam A area, 8 times in the Gwangyang area. The examined results showed high concentration level from $PM_1$ through $PM_{0.1}$ in all three areas. These results were obtained the concentration of particles by diameter and statistically significant in Stage5 (1.0-0.56 ${\mu}m$) from the result of conducting Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05). In the case of the heavy metal concentration included in 0.10-0.056 ${\mu}m$, 0.056 ${\mu}m$, the lead concentration of Chungnam Asan area was 6.49 ng/$m^3$ and 9.93 ng/$m^3$, which was higher than 3.05 ng/$m^3$ and 4.22 ng/$m^3$ of Seoul, respectively. The concentration of iron in Seoul was 9.28 ng/$m^3$ and 13.24 ng/$m^3$, that appeared higher than 2.38 ng/$m^3$ and 3.23 ng/$m^3$ of Chungnam A area, respectively. The concentration level was similar to other metals except lead and iron in Chungnam A area and Seoul. From the concentration of heavy metal included in 0.10-0.056 ${\mu}m$, 0.056 ${\mu}m$, the lead concentration of Chungnam A area was 0.31 ng/$m^3$ and 0.12 ng/$m^3$ while Gwangyang was 0.28 ng/$m^3$, 0.06 ng/$m^3$. Thus Chungnam A area showed higher lead concentration than Gwangyang. The manganese concentration of Chungnam A area was 0.12 ng/$m^3$ and 0.03 ng/$m^3$ while Gwangyang was 0.21 ng/$m^3$ and 0.08 ng/$m^3$. Therefore, the concentration of Gwangyang appeared higher than that of Chunnam A area. These two metals showed statistically significant in 0.056 ${\mu}m$ (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Among the concentration of heavy metal in all regions, the result demonstrated that the order of higher concentration is arsenic > iron > zinc > chrome > lead > nickel > copper > manganese.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee, M. Y. : Development of molecular level biomarkers against the risk assessment of heavy metals in the air-borne nanoparticles through metalloproteomic technology, 2008.
  2. Thomas, K. and Sayre, P. : Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part I: Evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials. Toxicological Sciences, 87(2), 316-321, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi270
  3. Montaya, L., Lawrence, J., Murthy, K., Sarnat, J., Godleski, J. and Koutrakis, P. : Continuous measurements of ambient particle deposition in human subjects. Aerosol Science and Technology, 38, 980-990, 204. https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290519049
  4. Kang, G. U. : Concentration characteristics and health effect assessment of atmospheric particulate matters during asian dust storm episodes. Korean Journal of Environmental Health, 35(1), 21-35, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2009.35.1.021
  5. Yoon, C. S. : Potential health risks and issues of nanoparticles, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology News, 8-21, 2007.
  6. Fang, G. C., Wu, Y. S., Wen, C. C., Lin, C. K., Huang, S. H., Rau, J. Y. and Lin, C. P. : Concentrations of nano and related ambient air pollutants at a traffic sampling site. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 21, 259-271, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th234oa
  7. Muller, J., Huaux, F., Moreau, N., Misson, P., Heilier, J. F., Delos, M., Arras, M., Fonseca, A., Nagy, J. B. and Lison, D. : Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicology and Applide Pharmacology, 207, 221-231, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.008
  8. Allen, A. G., Nemitz, E., Shi, J. P., Harrison, R. M. and Greenwood, J. C. : Size distributions of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 4581-4591, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00190-X
  9. Donaldson, K. and Macnee, W. : Potential mechanisms of adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 203, 411-415, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00059
  10. Kim, K. H. : Air Pollution Test Methods for Environmental Analysis, Donghwa Technology, 313-364, 2000.
  11. Cabada, J. C., Rees, S., Takahama, S., Khlystov, A., Pandis, S. N., Davidson, C. I. and Robinson, A. L. : Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 3127-3141, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.004
  12. Cheng, Y., Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C. and Law, S. W. : Seasonal and diurnal variations of $PM_{1.0}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ in the roadside environment of Hong Kong. China Particuology, 4(6), 312-315, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60281-4
  13. Kim, K. H., Kim, M. Y., Shin, J. Y., Choi, G. H. and Kang, C. H. : $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$, TSP, based on observations over time of dust particles during the study on the characteristics of the distribution: of the four stations around Seoul, a 2001 case study on the duration of the spring dust. Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 18(5), 419-426, 2002.
  14. Park, K. H. and Peter, H. McMurry : Studies on sizeresolved hygroscopic properties of fine aerosol particles in the atlanta ambient atmosphere. Korea Society for Atmospheric Environment, 2006.
  15. Lee, H. B. : Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in Chungnam, Korea. Sangmyung University of Graduate School, 2007.
  16. Gong, M. H. : Asan and Seoul in some areas fine particles (PM2.5) concentration and composition of metals, Soonchunhyang University of Graduate School, 2002.
  17. Choi, D. M. : A source identification and characteristics by the airborne heavy metals of cement factory outskirts area inhabitants. Hanyang University of Graduate School, 2008.
  18. Baek, S. O., Heo, Y. K. and Park, Y. H. : Characterization of concentrations of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere of Pohang Area. Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 30(3), 302-313, 2008.