2009년 단일기관에서 확인된 장바이러스 감염의 임상양상 및 특징에 관한 연구

Epidemiologic and Clinical features of Enteroviral Infections in Children, a Single Center Study in Korea: 2009

  • 백동원 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실, 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김정민 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실, 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김기환 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실, 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 안종균 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실, 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김동수 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실, 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과)
  • Baek, Dong Won (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medecine, Severance Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Jung Min (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medecine, Severance Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ki Hwan (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medecine, Severance Children's Hospital) ;
  • Ahn, Jong Gyun (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medecine, Severance Children's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Dong Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, College of Medecine, Severance Children's Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2010.09.07
  • 심사 : 2010.10.17
  • 발행 : 2010.12.25

초록

목적 : 장바이러스 감염은 소아에서 흔하게 일어나며 무균성 수막염, 수족구병, 포진성 구협염, 신생아 감염, 결막염 등의 원인이 된다. 특히 enterovirus 71형에 의한 감염은 증가하고 있으며 국내에서도 치명적인 사례가 보고되고 있어 본 저자들은 장바이러스의 임상 양상을 분석하고 그 중 enterovirus 71형으로 감염된 환아들의 임상 양상을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2009년 5월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 신촌 세브란스병원 소아청소년과 외래를 방문하거나 입원한 환자중 장바이러스 감염이 의심된 63명의 환아를 대상으로 급성기에 뇌척수액 또는 분변을 채취하여 질병관리본부에 의뢰하여 혈청형을 분석하였다. 그리고 장바이러스가 배양된 환아를 대상으로 성별, 연령. 임상양상 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 임상적으로 장바이러스 감염이 의심된 63명 중 38명(60%)에서 양성을 보였다. 양성 환아의 평균 연령은 2년 7개월 이고 성별은 남아 18명, 여아 20명으로 남녀비는 0.9:1 이었다. 장바이러스 감염의 임상증상은 발열(95%). 발진(39%), 식욕부진(24%), 구토와 복통의 소화기 증상(18%), 두통(16%), 기침, 콧물의 호흡기 증상(13%)이 나타났다. 장바이러스 감염은 무균성 수막염(55%), 수족구병(42%). 포진성 구협염(13%), 신생아 감염(5%), 뇌염(3%), 심근염(3%)이 있었다. 분리된 장바이러스는 coxsakie B1형 8례(21%), enterovirus 71형 8례(21%), coxsakievirus A16형 2례(6%)였고, coxsakievirus A2형, coxsakievirus A5형, echovirus 9형이 각각 1례씩, 미분류 장바이러스가 17례였다. 무균성 수막염의 원인 바이러스는 coxsakievirus B1형 8례, enterovirus 71형 3례, coxsakievirus A16형 1례, echovirus 9형 1례, 미분류 장바이러스 8례였고 수족구병은 enterovirus 71형 5례, coxsakievirus A16형 1례, 미분류 장바이러스 10례가 검출되었다. 포진성 구협염은 coxsakievirus A16형 1례, coxsakievirus A2형 1례, coxsakievirus A형 1례, 미분류 장바이러스 2례가 보고 되었고, 신생아 감염은 coxsakievirus 2례, 뇌염과 심근염에서 enterovirus 71형이 1례씩 검출되었다. Enterovirus 71형 감염이 확인된 8명은 남아 6명, 여아 2명으로 남녀비는 3:1 이고 발열(88%), 발진(63%), 식욕부진(50%)의 증상을 보였다. Enterovirus 71형의 감염은 수족구병은 5례, 무균성 수막염 3례, 뇌염, 심근염이 1례씩 있었다. Enterovirus 71형과 다른 장바이러스의 혈액검사는 CRP 에서 enterovirus 71형이 양성률이 높았고 다른 혈액학적 검사와 뇌척수액 검사는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 2009년 5월과 8월에 다양한 장바이러스가 유행하였고 특히 신경계 감염을 초례하는 enterovirus 71형도 보고되었다. Enterovirus 71형과 다른 장바이러스 감염과 비교할 때 남자에서 더 많이 발생했고 임상적 증상은 차이가 없었으나 중증의 질병이 발생했고 수족구병에서 중추신경계 합병은 더 많이 발생하였다. 앞으로 장바이러스 감염 환아의 진단 및 치료를 위해 지속적인 역학적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Purpose : Enteroviral infection is a common viral illness in children. We undertook this study in attempt to comprehend the epidemiologic and clinical features of enteroviral infections, particularly EV71 in children. Methods : We enrolled 63 children with enteroviral infection at Severance Children's Hospital in Seoul between May and August 2009. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed from stool or cerebrospinal fluid samples, which were then tested for enteroviral infection. Viral isolation and serotype identification also were performed by RT-PCR. Results : A total of 63 patients with clinical diagnosis of enteroviral infections were enrolled; of those, 38 (60%) were positive for enterovirus. The mean age of the patients was 2 years and 7 months and the sex ratio of male to female was 0.9 :1. Their clincal manifestations included aseptic meningitis (21 cases, 55%), HFMD (16 cases, 42%), herpangina (5 cases, 13%), neonatal fever (2 cases, 5%), encephalitis (1 case, 3%), and myocarditis (1 case, 3%). Serotypes of isolated enteroviruses were EV71 (8 cases, 21%), coxsackievirus B1 (8 cases, 21%), coxsackievirus A16 (2 cases, 6%), coxsakievirus A2 (1 case, 3%), coxsakievirus A5 (1 case, 3%), and echovirus 9 (1 case, 3%). Clinical symptoms of EV71 infection included HFMD (5 cases, 63%), aseptic meningitis (3 cases, 38%), encephalitis (1 case, 13%), and myocarditis (1 case, 13%). A positive rate of C-reactive protein in EV71 was higher than those in other enterviral infections. However, there was no statistically significant difference in other laboratory findings. Conclusion : We reported on identified enteroviruses, including EV71, during a period of 3 months in the summer of 2009. In this study, EV71 infection frequently occurred in male and clinical manifestation caused by EV71 was a more severe disease than that due to other enterviral infections. There is a need for continuous surveillance of enteroviral infection and its clinical manifestations for diagnosis and treatment of enteroviral infection.

키워드

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