Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지

Determination of Chimera Types and Ploidy Level of Sports from 'Campbell Early' Grape (Vitis labruscana)

포도 '캠벨얼리' 품종에서 발생한 아조변이체의 배수성 및 키메라 형태 검정

  • Received : 2010.03.12
  • Accepted : 2010.09.02
  • Published : 2010.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure the ploidy level of three different sports from 'Campbell Early' ($Vitis$ $labruscana$) grape. Results of the study showed different ploidy levels. FCM analysis for 'Campbell Early' grape which contains 2C DNA diploid cells showed single peak around 35-40 while 'Kyoho' grape with 4C DNA tetraploid cells had a different level of 70-80. However, analysis of the sports displayed a histogram with 2 peaks containing both 2C and 4C nuclei. There was no difference in histograms of 2C DNA flesh and pericarp; on the other hand, 4C DNA flesh type of sports had a different histogram from that of the 2C DNA pericarp. Chromosome numbers of diploid ('Campbell Early'), tetraploid ('Kyoho'), and three sports were counted under the microscope. 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' have 38 and 76 chromosomes, respectively. Three different sports are mixoploids with mixtures of diploid and tetraploid cells. Microscopic observations of shoot apical meristems in sports from 'Campbell Early' grape were carried out to determine the type of plant chimera. 'Campbell Early' grape (diploid) and 'Kyoho' grape (tetraploid) showed that both had 2 tunica layers covering corpus cells, while the three different sports had tunica layers showing mostly oblique division. Most cells from 'Kyoho' grape were larger than 'Campbell Early' grape. Cells from L-2 and L-3 layers of the three sports were similar to 'Kyoho' grape in size, although all cells in L-1 surface layer were uniform in size like 'Campbell Early' grape. Results of FCM analysis indicated that both normal and polyploid cells could be intermixed in sports and could become mixoploidy consisting of diploid and tetraploid. All sports used in the tests were periclinal chimera plants with two distinct L-1 and L-2 cell layers. The result of this study suggests that all three sports which originated from 'Campbell Early' grape might be 2-4-4 type chimera formation.

'캠벨얼리' 아조변이체의 배수성을 flow cytometry(FCM)를 이용하여 검정하였다. 2배체 포도인 '캠벨얼리'와 4배체 포도인 '거봉'과는 달리 '캠벨얼리'에서 발생한 아조변이 3계통의 경우, 잎에서 2배체와 4배체 peak가 동시에 나타났다. 또한 '캠벨얼리' 포도의 과육과 과피의 배수성은 2배체 peak를 보인 반면, '캠벨얼리' 아조변이체는 과피의 배수성은 2배체로, 과육의 배수성은 4배체로 검정되었다. 정확한 염색체 숫자를 알아보기 위해 '캠벨얼리' 유래 아조변이체, '캠벨어리', '거봉' 포도의 근단 조직 염색체 숫자를 현미경 검경하였다. '캠벨얼리'와 '거봉'은 각각 38, 76개의 염색체로 나타난 반면 아조변이체는 2x=38, 4x=76개의 염색체가 혼재한 것으로 나타났다. '캠벨얼리' 아조변이체의 키메라 형태를 알아보기 위하여 신초정단 분열조직을 현미경 관찰하였다. 대조구로 이용된 2배체 '캠벨얼리'와 4배체 '거봉' 포도는 2개의 tunica 층이 corpus층을 덮고 있었으며, 반면에 아조변이체의 경우 첫번째 tunica 층이 독특하게 분할되어 있었다. '거봉' 포도의 정단분열 조직의 세포 크기는 대체로 '캠벨얼리' 포도보다 더 컸다. 아조변이체의 L-2, L-3 층을 이루고 있는 세포 크기는 4배체인 '거봉' 세포와 유사하였으며 가장 바깥쪽 L-1층을 이루고 있는 세포의 크기는 '캠벨얼리' 포도와 유사한 크기였다. 따라서 본 시험의 결과 '캠벨얼리' 포도 품종에서 발생한 아조변이체들은 2-4-4형 키메라의 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arumuganathan, K. and E.D. Earle. 1991. Estimation of nuclear DNA content of plants by flow cytometry. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 9:229-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02672073
  2. Bennett, J. and B. Smith. 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. 274:227-274. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1976.0044
  3. Branas, J. 1957. Sur quelques donnees ontogeniques. Progr. Agric. Viticole. 148:58-67.
  4. Chavan, A.R. and J.J. Shah. 1955. Origin and development of the vegetative axillary bud in Vitisrepens. W & A Indian Sci. Cong. Asso. Proc. 42:225.
  5. Costich, D.E., R. Ortiz, T.R. Meagher, L.P. Bruederle, and N. Vorsa. 1993. Determination of ploidy level and nuclear DNA content in blueberry by flow cytometry. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86:1001-1006.
  6. Dermen, H. 1960. Nature of plant sports. Amer. Hort. Mag. 39:123-173.
  7. Dermen, H. and D.H. Scott. 1962. Potential in colchiploid grape. Economic Botany 16:77-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985294
  8. De Schepper, S., L. Leus, E. Mertens, E. Van Bockstaele, M. De Loose, P. Debergh, and J. Heursel. 2001. Flow cytometric analysis of ploidy in Rhododendron (subgenus Tsutsusi). HortScience 36:125-127.
  9. Dolezel, J. 1991. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in higher plants. Phytochem. Anl. 2:143-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800020402
  10. Einset, J. and L. Barbara. 1951. Chimeral sports of grape. J. Hered. 42:158-162.
  11. Einset, J. and C. Pratt. 1954. "Giant" sports of grapes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63: 251-256.
  12. Fletcher, J.C. 2002. Coordination of cell fate decisions and cell proliferation in the shoot apical meristem of angiosperm plants. BioEssays. 24:27-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.10020
  13. Franks, T., R. Botta, and M.R. Thomas. 2002. Chimerism in grapevines: implications for cultivar identity, ancestry and genetic improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:192-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220100683