Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지

Assessment of Distribution Patterns and Sources for PAHs, OCPs, and Co-PCBs in the Surface Sediments from the Nakdong River Basin, Korea

낙동강 하천 및 호소 퇴적물에서의 PAHs, OCPs, Co-PCBs 농도 분포와 발생원 평가

  • Kang, Hee-Hyung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, In-Seok (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Huh, In-Ae (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Won-Sik (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Hwang, In-Sung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Hoon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Andong National University) ;
  • Hur, Jin (Department of Earth, Sejong University) ;
  • Shin, Hyun-Sang (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology) ;
  • Kim, Joon-Ha (School of Environmental Science&Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Oh, Jeong-Eun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 강희형 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 이인석 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 허인애 (국립환경과학원 물환경제어연구과) ;
  • 신원식 (경북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 황인성 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김영훈 (안동대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 허진 (세종대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 신현상 (서울산업대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김준하 (광주과학기술원 환경공학부) ;
  • 오정은 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2009.11.30
  • Accepted : 2010.06.29
  • Published : 2010.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the levels and distribution patterns of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the surface sediments from the Nakdong river basin, Korea. The levels of 16 PAHs and 12 Co-PCBs in the river sediment samples ranged from not detected (N.D.)~969.3 ng/g-dry, 4.2~7716.5 pg/g-dry (0.0~10.1 pg-TEQ/g-dry), respectively. Also, the levels of 16 PAHs were from 5.8~2987.2 ng/g-dry and 4.3~461.1 pg/g-dry (0.0~0.6 pg-TEQ/g-dry) for 12 Co-PCBs in the lake sediment samples. Only dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected among target OCPs and the concentration ranged from N.D.~1.5 ng/g-dry in the river sediment samples. These contamination levels were far below the guideline values suggested for environmental quality assessment. Low molecular weight PAHs were dominant in the river sediment samples, while middle and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant among 16 PAHs in the lake sediment samples. PCB-118 and PCB-105 were predominant congeners in the sediment, which were similar to the results obtained from previous studies. With these results, the assessment of potential sources of PAHs and Co-PCBs contamination in the sediments of the Nakdong river basin was performed. The pyrogenic-PAHs originated from combustion of fossil fuel and biomass were related with the PAHs contribution in most of the sediment samples, and Co-PCBs in the sediment samples were related with commercial PCB products.

본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계 내 하천 및 호소의 퇴적물을 대상으로 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs), 다염화바이페닐(PCBs), 유기염소계 농약(OCPs)류를 분석하였다. 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs와 12종의 Co-PCBs 농도 수준은 각각 N.D.~969.3 ng/g-dry, 4.2~7716.5 pg/g-dry(0.0~10.1 pg-TEQ/g-dry)이었다. 호소 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs류는 5.8~2987.2 ng/g-dry, 12종의 Co-PCBs는 4.3~461.1 pg/g-dry(0.0~0.6 pg-TEQ/g-dry), OCPs의 농도 수준은 N.D.~1.5 ng/g-dry이었으며, OCPs 중 DDT류만 검출되었다. 이는 환경질 평가를 위한 가이드 라인보다 훨씬 낮은 수준이었다. 낙동강 수계 내 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs 중 저분자 PAHs의 비율이 높은 반면, 호소에서는 중 고분자 PAHs의 비율이 높았다. 그리고 PCBs는 모든 퇴적물 시료에서 PCB-118과 PCB-105의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 이전의 연구와도 일치하는 결과이다. 검출된 PAHs와 Co-PCBs의 배울원 추정 결과, PAHs의 경우 일부 지점들을 제외한 대부분의 지점들이 석탄 및 바이오매스의 연소와 관련 있었으며, Co-PCBs의 경우 상업적인 PCBs와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 국립환경과학원

References

  1. 국립환경연구원, 해양오염감시망구축 및 오염실태 변화에 관한 연구(1996).
  2. 국립환경연구원, 미량유기오염물질 배출원 추적기법 개발에 관한 연구(1996).
  3. Heitkamp, M. A. and Cerniglia, C. E., "Mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterium isolated from sediment below an oil field," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54(6), 1612-1614(1988).
  4. UNEP chemicals, Guidelines for the identification of PCBs and materials containing PCBs(1999).
  5. Basel Convention, Preparation of a national environmentally sound management plan for PCBs and PCBs-contaminated equipment(2003).
  6. 최동미, 서정혁, 김민정, 홍무기, 김창민, 송인상, "동위원소 희석법 HRGC/HRMS에 의한 식품중 Co-planar PCBs 분석," 한국분석과학회지, 16(4), 325-332(2003).
  7. 한국환경정책평가연구원, 호소 및 하천 오염퇴적물 관리방안(1998).
  8. 국립환경과학원, 물환경종합평가 방법 및 개발조사연구(III), 최종보고서(2006).
  9. 국립환경과학원, 하천 퇴적물 중 POPs 축적도 모니터링 사업(I, II, III), 한강, 낙동강, 금강 수계(2006, 2007, 2008).
  10. US EPA, Methods for Collection, Storage and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemicaland Toxicological Analyses : Technical Manual(2001).
  11. Khim, J. S., Kannan, K., Villeneuve, D. L., Koh, C. H. and Giesy, J. P., "Characterization and distribution of trace organic contaminants in sediment from Masan bay, Korea. 1. Instrumental analysis," Erviron. Sci. Technol., 33(23), 4199-4205(1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/es9904484
  12. 박정원, 이경락, 최재신, 김한순, "안동, 임하댐의 탁수형성 후 식물풀랑크톤 군집 동태," 한국하천호수학회지, 38(3), 429-434(2005).
  13. Chen, S., Luo X., Mai, B., Sheng, G., Fu, J. and Zeng, E. Y., "Distribution and mass inventories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in sediments of the pearl river estuary and the northen south China sea," Erviron. Sci. Technol., 40(3), 709-714(2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/es052060g
  14. Kim, K. S., Lee, S. C., Kim, K. H., Shim, W. J., Hong, S. H., Choi, K. H., Yoon, J. H. and Kim, J. G., "Survey on organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and HCB in sediments from the Han river, Korea," Chemosphere, 75(5), 580-587(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.075
  15. Zhou, R. B., Zhu, L. Z., Yang, K. and Chen, Y. Y., "Distribution of organochlorine pesticides on surface water and sediments from Qiantang River, East China," J. Hazard. Mater., 137(1), 68-75(2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.005
  16. Iwata, H., Tanabe, S., Sakai, N., Nishimura, A. and Tassukawa, R., "Geographical distributions of persistent organochlorine in air, water and sediment from Asia and Oceania and their implications for global redistribution from lower latitudes," Environ. Pollut., 85(1), 15-33(1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90234-8
  17. Pandit, G. G., Mohan, R. A. M., Jha, S. K., Krishnamoorthy, T. M., Kale, S. P., Raghu, K. and Murthy, N. B. K., "Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in the Indian marine environment," Chemosphere, 44(2), 301-305(2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00179-X
  18. Sapozhnikova, Y., Bawardi, O. and Schlenk, D., "Pesticides and PCBs in sediments and fish from the Salton Sea, California, USA," Chemosphere, 55(6), 797-809(2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.009
  19. Barakat, A. O., Kim, M., Qian, Y. and Wade, T. L., "Organochlorine pesticides and PCB residues in sediment of Alexandria harbour, Egypt," Mar. Pollut. Bull., 44(12), 1421-1434(2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00306-5
  20. 국립환경과학원, 하천 퇴적물 중 POPs 축적도 모니터링 사업(II), 낙동강 수계(2007).
  21. US EPA, Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy(1998).
  22. 국립환경과학원, 하천 퇴적물 중 POPs 축적도 모니터링 사업(I), 한강 수계(2006).
  23. Yan, W., Chi, J., Wang, Z., Huang, W. and Zhang, G., "Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China," Environ. Pollut., 157(6), 1823-1830(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.023
  24. Ying, G., Yu, H. Y. and Eddy, Y. Z., "Occurrence, source diagnosis, and biological effect assessment of DDT and its metabolites in various environmental compartments of the Pearl River Delta, South China: A review," Environ. Pollut., 157(6), 1753-1763(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.026
  25. 김경수, 김종국, 신선경, 김경심, 송병주, "변압기 절연유 중 PCBs, Co-PCBs 및 PCDD/PCDFs 오염수준 및 이성체 분포," 한국분석과학회지, 19(3), 263-271(2006).
  26. 김경수, 송병주, 김종국, 김교근, "한국과 일본의 환경대기 중 폴리염화비페닐(PCB)의 농도수준 및 발생원 해석에 관한 연구," 대한환경공학회지, 27(2), 170-176(2005).
  27. Ikenaka, Y., Eun, H., Watanabe, E., Kumon, F. and Miyabara, Y., "Estimation of sources and inflow of dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the sediment core of Lake Suwa, Japan," Environ. Pollut., 138(3), 529-537(2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.014