Soil Survey and Land Evaluation for Establishing the Demonstration Farm in the Oudomxai Province, Laos

농업투자용 시범농장 조성 후보지 선정을 위한 라오스 우돔싸이주(州)의 토양조사 및 토지특성 평가

  • Received : 2010.10.07
  • Accepted : 2010.11.25
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

In order to select the demonstration farm site for agricultural investment by Korean fund, 14 sites were investigated by soil morphological characteristics and were evaluated by rating method in the Oudomxai province of Laos. Land evaluation was carried out by using eight factors, such as site accessibility, soil erosion susceptibility, easiness of farm mechanization, irrigation water obtainability, suitability of soil physical and chemical properties for crop growth, cost for establishment of farm foundation and land obtainability. In addition, one site to have been highly ranked was soil physico-chemically studied for farm planning. The site of heavy clayey soil has hydraulic conductivity of 26.27~40.64 cm $day^{-1}$, organic content of lower than 14 g $kg^{-1}$, available phosphate content of lower than 3 mg $kg^{-1}$, exchangeable cations of lower than 0.38, 11 and 3.1 cmolc $kg^{-1}$ in K, Ca and Mg, respectively. Major important limitations for establishment of demonstration farm were concluded as heavy soil-texture, high soil erodibility, low organic matter and phosphate contents, and insufficient irrigation water in the Oudomxai province of Laos.

라오스 우돔싸이주에 대한 농업투자를 촉진하기 위하여 농어촌공사의 지원을 받아 성덕농산(합)이 실시한 농업투자환경조사의 일환으로 시범농장 후보지 14개소에 대한 토양의 형태적 특성 조사와 급수평가법에 의한 적합정도 평가 및 시범농장 예정지에 대한 토양이화학성을 분석하였다. 라오스 우돔싸이주는 FAO 토양분류체계로 Leptosols, Fluvisols, Arenosols, Regosols, Alisols, Acrisols, Luvisols, Lixisols, Cambisols 등 9개 토양이 분포하고 그 중 알직층 (argic horizon)을 가진 Alisols, Acrisols, Luvisols, Lixisols 등 4개 토양이 우돔싸이주 총면적 1,537천 ha의 77%를 차지하고 있다. 우돔싸이주에서 14개 지점의 토양에 대한 형태적 특성을 조사하고 급수평가법으로 시범농장 적합성을 평가한 결과 6개 지점의 토양이 농장개설에 가장 무난한 것으로 평가되었다. 이들 6개 지점중 우돔싸이주 정부에서 가장 강력하게 추천하고 있는 1개소에 대하여 논과 밭에서 표토 (0~15 cm)와 심토 (20~40 cm)로 구분 채취하여 이화학성을 분석하였다. 시범농장 예정지의 토양은 점토함량이 44 %이상인 식질 토양으로 점착성과 가소성이 매우 높았고, 수리전도도는 논토양이 평균 26.27 cm $day^{-1}$이고 밭토양이 40.64 cm $day^{-1}$였다. 시범농장 예정지의 논토양은 약산성인데 반하여 밭토양은 강산성을 나타냈고, 토양유기물함량은 논토양이나 밭토양 공히 14 g $kg^{-1}$ 이하, 유효인산 함량은 3 mg $kg^{-1}$이하로 매우 낮은 수준이었지만 교환성 양이온은 각각 K 0.38, Ca 11, Mg 3.1 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이하로 분석되어 비교적 적은 편은 아니었다. 따라서 라오스 우돔싸이주에서 농장조성시 봉착될 가장 중요한 장애요소는 점토함량이 많은 중점질 토양, 높은 토양침식성, 매우 낮은 유기물과 인산함량, 관개용수의 부족, 가파른 경사 등으로 요약된다.

Keywords

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