Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society (한국지반공학회논문집)

Korean Geotechnical Society (한국지반공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of State Parameter of Sands Using Dilatometer Test

딜라토미터 시험을 이용한 사질토의 상태정수 평가

  • Choi, Sung-Kun (Nawoogeo Consultant. Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Moon-Joo (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Jin (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Jin (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.)
  • 최성근 ((주)나우지오컨설턴트) ;
  • 이문주 (고려대학교 건축.사회환경공학부) ;
  • 홍성진 (고려대학교 건축.사회환경공학부) ;
  • 이우진 (고려대학교 건축.사회환경공학부)
  • Received : 2009.05.20
  • Accepted : 2010.04.22
  • Published : 2010.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, a series of flat dilatometer tests are performed for Busan sand reconstituted in a large calibration chamber to evaluate the state parameter ($\Psi$). Experimental result shows that the horizontal amplification factor ($K_D/K_0$) is linearly related with state parameter in semi-logarithmic space, but the $K_D/K_0$ of OC specimen is smaller than that of NC specimen because of the horizontal residual stress by stress history of OC specimen. The relation between the normalized dilatometer modulus ($E_D/\sigma_m'$) and the state parameter is also linearly expressed in semi-logarithmic space, and the effect of stress history is relatively insignificant in this relation. However, the variation in $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ relation of NC state is slightly higher than that of OC state due to the effect of the stress level, and the correlation curve is descending with increase of confining stress. The comparison of test result with previous results of Ticino and Toyoura sands shows that the $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ relation of Toyoura sand is located on upper side than that of Busan and Tieino sands due to the effect of the higher compressibility, whereas the $K_D/K_0-\Psi$ relation of each sand is irregularly distributed.

사질토의 상태정수를 현장시험으로부터 추정하기 위해 실내 챔버에 조성된 부산사에 대해 딜라토미터 시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 수평증폭계수($K_D/K_0$)와 상태정수($\Psi$)의 관계는 반대수축상에서 선형관계를 보였으나, 응력이력에 의한 잔류수평응력의 영향으로 과압밀 시료가 정규압밀 시료에 비하여 동일한 상태정수에서 수평증폭계수의 값이 작게 평가되었다. 유효응력으로 정규화된 딜라토미터 계수($E_D/\sigma_m'$)와 상태정수의 관계는 반대수축상에서 선형관계를 만족하였으며, 다소의 분산은 있으나 응력이력에 관계없이 하나의 관계식으로 표현 기능하였다. 다만 응력수준의 영향으로 과압밀 상태보다 정규압밀 상태의 분산이 약간 크게 발생되었으며 구속압이 증가할수록 관계곡선이 하향 이동하는 경향이 나타났다. 기존에 연구된 Ticino sand 및 Toyoura sand와 비교한 결과, $K_D/K_0-\Psi$ 관계는 혼재되어 분포하였으나, $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ 관계는 시료 압축성의 영향으로 Toyoura sand가 Ticino snad 및 부산사의 상부에 위치하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baldi, G., Bellotti, R, Ghionna, V., Jamiolkowski, M., and Pasqualini, E. (1986a), "Interpretation of CPTs and CPTUs use, 2nd part: drained penetration of sand", Proceedings of 4th International Geotechnical Seminar, Singapore, pp.143-156.
  2. Baldi, G., Bellotti, R., Ghionna, V., Jamiolkowski, M., Marchetti, S., and Pasqualini, E. (1986b), "Flat dilatometer tests in calibration chamber", Use of In Situ Tests in Geotechnical Engineering, GSP 6, ASCE, pp.431-446.
  3. Been, K., and Jefferies, M.G. (1985), "A state parameter for sands", Geotechnique, Vol.35, No.2, pp.99-112. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1985.35.2.99
  4. Been, K., Crooks, J.H. A., Becker, D.E., and Jefferies, M.G. (1986), "The cone penetration test in sands: Part I, State parameter interpretation", Geotechnique, Vol.36, No.2, pp.239-249. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1986.36.2.239
  5. Been, K., Jefferies, M.G., Crooks, J.H. A., and Rothenburg, L. (1987), "The cone penetration test in sands:Part II, General inference state", Geotechnique, Vol.37, No.3, pp.285-299. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1987.37.3.285
  6. Bellotti, R., Fretti, C., Jamiolkowski, M., and Tanizawa, F. (1994), "Flat dilatometer tests in Toyoura sand", Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi, India, Vol.4, pp.1779-1782.
  7. Bellotti, R., Benoit, J., Fretti, C. and Jamiolkowski, M. (1997), "Stiffness of Toyoura sand from dilatometer tests", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol.123, No.9, pp.836-846. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:9(836)
  8. Borden, R.H. (1991), "Boundary displacement induced by DMT penetration", Proceedings of First International Symposium on Calibration Chamber Testing, Elsevier, New York, N.Y., pp.101-118.
  9. Campanella, R.G., and Robertson, P.K. (1991), "Use and interpretation of a research dilatometer", Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.28, pp.113-126. https://doi.org/10.1139/t91-012
  10. Choi, S.K (2008), Estimation of stress history of sands using CPT and DMT, Ph.D. thesis, Korea University.
  11. Choi, S.K, Lee, M.J., Choo, H.W., Tumay, M.T. and Lee, W.J. (2010), "Preparation of a Large Size Granular Specimen Using a Rainer System with a Porous Plate", Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.33, No.1, pp.1-10.
  12. Jamiolkowski, M., Ghionna, V., Lancellotta, R., and Pasqualini, E. (1988), "New correlations of penetration tests for design practice", Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Penetration Testing, Orlando, Florida, Vol.2, pp.263-296.
  13. Jefferies, M.G., Jonsson, L., and Been, K (1987), "Experience with measurement of horizontal geostatic stress in sand during cone penetration test profiling", Geotechnique, Vol.37, No.4, pp.483-498. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1987.37.4.483
  14. Kim, S.H., Lee, M.J., Choi, S.K., Hong, S.J., and Lee, W.J. (2007), "Relationship between the State Parameter and Cone Resistance of Busan Sand", Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol.23, No.3, pp.123-131.
  15. Konrad, J.M. (1988), "Interpretation of flat plate dilatometer tests in sands in terms of the state parameter", Geotechnique, Vol.38, No.2, pp.263-227. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1988.38.2.263
  16. Lawter, R.S., and Borden, R.H. (1990), "Determination of Horizontal Stress in Normally Consolidated Sand using the DMT", Transportation Research Record 1278, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp.135-140.
  17. Marchetti, S. (1980), "In situ tests by flat dilatometer", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.106, No.3, pp.299-321.
  18. Poulos, S.J. (1981), "The steady state of deformation", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.107, No.GT5, pp.553-562.
  19. Puppala, A.J., Acar, Y.B., and Tumay, M.T. (1995), "Cone penetration in very weakly cemented sand", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.121, No.8, pp.589-600. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:8(589)
  20. Sladen, J.A. (1989), "Problems with interpretation of sand state from cone penetration test", Geotechnique, Vol.39, No.2, pp.323-332. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1989.39.2.323
  21. Sweeney, B. P. and Clough, G. W. (1990), "Design of a large calibration chamber", Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol.13, No.1, pp.36-44. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10144J