DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer with Steaming Heat and Wet Grinding Conditions

증숙 및 습식분쇄 조건에 따른 인삼의 품질 특성

  • Im, Ga-Young (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co.) ;
  • Jang, Se-Young (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co.) ;
  • Jeong, Yong-Jin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co.)
  • 임가영 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 장세영 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 정용진 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 및 (주)계명푸덱스)
  • Received : 2010.04.06
  • Accepted : 2010.05.19
  • Published : 2010.07.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the steaming and wet grinding conditions to save effective compositions and to utilize whole roots of ginseng. The sweetness at the 3 different steaming conditions of non steaming group (A), $95^{\circ}C$/3 hr group (B) and $121^{\circ}C$/15 min group (C) resulted in 7.7, 10.7 and $11.2^{\circ}Brix$, and the browning intensity of 0.37, 1.97 and 1.50, respectively. The contents of crude saponin at the different steam heat treatments were 7.19 (A), 6.99 (B) and 8.83 mg/g (C). When sensory evaluation was conducted, the ginseng products processed at C condition showed the highest scores in the evaluation categories of bitter taste reduction, sweetness and overall acceptance. These results suggest that sensory characteristics of ginseng could be enhanced by the steam heat treatments. When the wet grinding with water addition volume to the steamed ginseng treated at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min was also investigated, the smallest particle size resulted from the water addition volume of 300%. The grinding efficiency of ginseng was found to be high at 30 min of grinding time and 3 times of grinding frequency with the mean particle size of $67.66\;{\mu}m$. The content of effective component did not show significant differences by grinding time and grinding frequency. Based on the results, the steam heat treatments ($121^{\circ}C$/15 min) and wet grinding procedures were found to be effective in utilizing whole roots and saving the effective compositions of ginseng.

본 연구에서는 인삼의 유용성분 강화 및 인삼 전근 활용을 위한 증숙 및 습식분쇄 조건을 조사하였다. 그 결과 무처리(A), $95^{\circ}C$/3 hr(B) 및 $121^{\circ}C$/15 min(C)의 증숙조건에 의해 각각의 당도는 7.7, 10.7 및 $11.2^{\circ}Brix$, 갈색도 0.37, 1.97 및 1.50로 증숙구간에서 당도 및 갈색도가 높게 나타났다. 조사포닌 함량은 7.19(A), 6.99(B) 및 8.83 mg/g(C)으로 C 조건에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 C 조건에서 쓴맛 감소, 단맛 강도 및 전반적 기호도가 가장 높게 나타나 증숙처리 조건에서 관능적인 특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 가수량에 따른 습식분쇄 조건을 조사한 결과 가수량 300%에서 입자가 가장 작게 나타났다. 인삼의 습식분쇄조건은 분쇄 30분 및 3회에서 분쇄효율이 높았으며 평균입자크기는 $67.66\;{\mu}m$로 미세화되었다. 분쇄시간 및 횟수에 따른 유효성분 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과 증숙처리($121^{\circ}C$/15 min) 및 습식분쇄는 인삼의 전근 활용 및 유효성분 강화에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Nam KY. 2002. Clinical applications and efficacy of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). J Ginseng Res 26: 111-131. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2002.26.3.111
  2. An YN, Lee SY, Choung MG, Choi KJ, Kang KH. 2002. Ginsenoside concentration and chemical component as affected by harvesting time of four-year ginseng root. Korean J Crop Sci 47: 216-220.
  3. Park CK, Jeon BS, Yang JW. 2003. The chemical components of Korean ginseng. Food Industry and Nutrition 8: 10-23.
  4. Kwak YS, Park JD, Yang JW. 2003. Present and its prospect of red ginseng efficacy research. Food Industry and Nutrition 8: 30-37.
  5. Lee JY, Lee EJ, Kim DH, Lee JH, Yoo JH, Koh BH. 2008. Studies on absorption, distribution and metabolism of ginseng in humans after oral administration. J Ethnopharmacol 122: 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.012
  6. Kim EH, Rhee DK. 2009. Anti-oxidative properties of ginseng. J Ginseng Res 1: 1-7.
  7. The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. 2009. http://likms.assembly.go.kr/law/jsp/main.jsp.
  8. Ryu GH. 2003. Present status of red ginseng products and its manufacturing process. Food Industry and Nutrition 8: 38-42.
  9. Kim CS, Jang DS, Che SY. 2006. Histological characteristics of Korean red ginseng in steaming processes. Korean J Medicinal Sci 14: 36-40.
  10. Sung HS, Yang JW. 1986. Effects of the heating treatment on the stability of saponins in white ginseng. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 15: 22-26.
  11. Yang SJ, Woo KS, Yoo JS, Kang TS, Noh YH, Lee JS, Jeong HS. 2006 Changes of Korean ginseng components with high temperature and pressure treatment. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 521-525.
  12. Hong HD, Kin YC, Rho JH, Kim KT, Lee YC. 2007. Changes on physicochemical properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer during repeated steaming process. J Ginseng Res 31: 222-229. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.4.222
  13. Lee JW, Do JH. 2005. Market trend of health functional food and the prospect of ginseng market. J Ginseng Res 29: 206-214. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.4.206
  14. Hong HD, Park HJ, Jeong JK, Jang DJ. 2008. Surveys of domestic and foreign patents for process food related ginseng. J Ginseng Res 32: 135-149. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2008.32.2.135
  15. Soo HK, Mi SK. 2007. The sensory evaluation of ginseng paste & various ginseng sauce using ginseng paste. J Foodservice Management Society of Korea 10: 137-153.
  16. Shu TS, Lee G, Seo YK, Lee KP, Kim DJ. 2004. Micro particle technology in food science. Food Sci and Ind 37: 17-21.
  17. Solanki SN, Subramanian R, Singh V, Ali SZ, Manohar B. 2005. Scope of colloid mill for industrial wet grinding for batter preparation of some Indian snack foods. J Science Publishers 69: 22-30.
  18. Sim JS, Choi KO, Kim DE, Sun JH, Kang WS, Lim JD, Ko SH. 2002. Development of ultrafine angelica powderadded syrup. Food Eng Prog 13: 44-49.
  19. Han MW, Youn KS. 2009. Quality characteristics of spray drying microparticulated calcium after wet-grinding. KoreanJ Food Sci Technol 41: 657-661.
  20. Jang SY, Im GY, Jeong YJ. 2009. Quality characteristics of red ginseng extracts prepared using alkaline water. Korean J Food Preserv 16: 172-178.
  21. Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances. Anal Chem 28: 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
  22. Jang SA, Moon SK. 2005. Analysis of total sugar by extraction condition and material to develop the extraction process of ginseng polysaccharide. Korean J Food Preserv 12: 367-371.
  23. Lee JW, Lee SK, Do JH, Sung HS, Shim KH. 1995. Browning reaction of fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) as affected by heating temperature. Korean J Ginseng Sci 19: 249-253.
  24. Kim KY, Shin JK, Lee SW, Yoon SR, Chung HS, Jeong YJ, Choi MS, Lee CM, Moon KD, Kwon JH. 2007. Quality and functional properties of red ginseng prepared with different steaming time and drying methods. Korean J Food Sci Technol 39: 494-499.
  25. Cho CW, Kim SW, Rho JH, Rhee YK, Kim KT. 2008. Extraction characteristics of saponin and acidic polysaccharide based on the red ginseng particle size. J Ginseng Res 32: 179-186. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2008.32.3.179
  26. Seo CH, Lee JW, Do JH, Chang KS. 2002. Quality characteristics of Korean red ginseng powder on pulverizing methods. J Ginseng Res 26: 79-84. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2002.26.2.079
  27. Lee JS, Lee HS. 2007. Effect of grinding methods on particle size and crystalline structure of copper phthalocyanine. J Korean Ind Eng Chem 18: 41-47.
  28. Jo GS, Sin JS, Kim JH. 2004. Measurement of particle size and particle size distribution. Polymer Sci Technol 15: 198-208.
  29. Park SJ, Kim MH, Choi YK. 2006. Wet fine grinding of rice husk ash using a stirred ball mill. J Biol Eng 31: 33-38. https://doi.org/10.5307/JBE.2006.31.1.033

Cited by

  1. Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidative Activity of Red Ginseng Prepared by High Temperature and High Pressure Process vol.25, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.4.827
  2. Changes in quality characteristic of immature flat persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) during heat treatment aging vol.23, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.3.301
  3. Antioxidant Activities of Ginseng Seeds Treated by Autoclaving vol.36, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.411
  4. Quality Characteristics of 4 Year-old Ginseng by Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conditions vol.40, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.2.229
  5. Physiological properties of Leonurus sibiricus water extracts with different extraction condition vol.20, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.4.592
  6. Antioxidant and biological activities of untreated and steam-treated Corni fructus extracts vol.25, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2018.25.3.366
  7. Evaluation of phytochemical contents and physiological activity in Panax ginseng sprout during low-temperature aging vol.26, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.1.38
  8. 증숙 온도와 시간에 따른 4년근 인삼의 이화학적 특성 vol.27, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2019.27.2.86
  9. Effect of Roasting Time and Cryogenic Milling on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Powder vol.9, pp.2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020223