Effects of High Pressure on Quality Stability of Fresh Fruit Puree and Vegetable Extracts During Storage

고압처리가 신선 과채음료의 저장기간 중 품질 안정성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Young-Kyung (National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture & Food Research Organization (NARO)) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Hyun (Dongwon F&B Food Research Center) ;
  • Iwahashi, Yumiko (National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture & Food Research Organization (NARO))
  • 김영경 (독립행정법인 농업.식품산업기술총합연구기구 식품총합연구소) ;
  • 이용현 (동원F&B 식품과학연구원) ;
  • 이와하시 유미코 (독립행정법인 농업.식품산업기술총합연구기구 식품총합연구소)
  • Received : 2009.11.19
  • Accepted : 2010.02.26
  • Published : 2010.04.30

Abstract

Pressure, used as a minimal processing technology in the food industry, is a valuable tool ensuring microbiologically safe, shelf-stable fruit and vegetable production. Pressure could be used to deliver a greater variety of minimally processed products, as demanded by today's consumers. Weevaluated the effect of <400 MPa pressure, applied during chilling, on fresh fruit purees (strawberry, kiwi, aloe, and pomegranate) and vegetable extracts (from carrot and spinach) during cold storage (<$10^{\circ}C$) for 15-20 days. Samples were prepared in a processing facility in which total plate counts of falling and floating bacteria were controlled at $1{\times}100-10^1$ CFU/plate and $1{\times}10^2-10^3$ $CFU/m^3$ under conditions of $21-25^{\circ}C$ and 55-60% relative humidity. The aerobic plate counts of raw materials were less than $1{\times}10^3$ CFU/g. Evaluation parameters included microbiological safety, vitamin content, and sensory qualities. Although the overall quality of non-treated samples deteriorated with storage time at $10^{\circ}C$, samples pressurized at 250-350 MPa at $5-7^{\circ}C$ for 10 min showed less change, with no significant difference in microbiological safety, vitamin content, or sensory quality. The use of pressure extended the shelf-life during storage at $10^{\circ}C$.

본 연구는 비가열 신선 과채음료 6종에 대한 250~350 MPa 범위의 중고압 처리에 따른 미생물 개체수, 비타민 함량, 관능적 특성 변화 측면에서 권장 유통기간 3일 동안의 품질 안정성 확보 및 유통기간 연장가능성을 검토하였다. 초기 미생물 개체수가 g당 $1{\times}10^3$ 이하로 유지되는 채소 및 과일 원료에 있어서 온도 $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, 습도 55~60% 가 유지되며, 낙하균과 부유균의 미생물이 각각 $1{\times}101$CFU/plate, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}10^3$ $CFU/M^3$의 수준으로 관리되는 신선 음료 생산 현장의 경우, 외부 환경에 의한 시료의 대장균군과 내열성균 오염은 거의 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 반면, 압력 처리전 시료의 초기 일반 세균수가 g당 $1{\times}10^4{\sim}10^5$, 대장균군이 g당 $1{\times}10^1{\sim}10^2$ 수준으로 다른 시료에 비해 초기 미생물 개체수가 높았던 당근즙의 경우 저장 5일 이후 일반세균수가 g당 $1{\times}10^5$, 대장균군이 g당 $1{\times}10^2$ 수준을 넘어섰으며, 베타 카로틴 함량이 20% 이상 감소되었을 뿐만 아니라 관능적인 품질 또한 급격히 떨어지는 것으로 나타나 $300{\pm}10$ MPa 압력처리에 의한 품질 안전성 확보가 어려울 것으로 예측되었다. 이와 달리 압력 처리전 시료의 초기 미생물 개체수가g당 $1{\times}10^2{\sim}10^3$, 대장균군이 g당 $1{\times}100{\sim}10^1$ 수준의 시금치즙은 저장 후 10일전까지 일반세균수는 g당 $1{\times}10^4$이하, 대장균군은 g당 $1{\times}10^2$ 이하로 유지되며 관능적인 품질 저하 또한 거의 없는 것으로 나타나 $300{\pm}10$ Mpa 압력처리에 의한 품질 안정성 확보 및 유통기간 연장 또한 가능한 것으로 예측되었다. 또한 압력 처리전 초기 일반 세균수와 바실러스 세레우스가 각각 g당 $1{\times}10^2$ 이하, $1{\times}10^1$ 이하이며 대장균군이 검출되지 않은 퓨레 타입의 과일시료의 경우 채소 시료보다 낮은 압력($270{\pm}10$ MPa)에서 처리하였음에도 불구하고, 저장 15일 경과 후에도 미생물 개체수 제어, 비타민 함량 유지와 관능적 품질 변화도 거의 없는 것으로 나타나 $270{\pm}10$ MPa 압력처리에 의한 품질 안정성 확보는 물론 현재보다 2~3배 유통기간 연장 또한 가능한 것으로 예측되었다.

Keywords

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